80 WASTAGE PECULIAR TO INDIA. 



9910 cases, so that it is most necessary that measures of control 

 should be more exact. 



In the Somali Field Force of 1903-04 there were 3137 cases 

 of Mange and skin disease in camels from July, 1903, to March, 

 1904, out of a strength of 9466 camels and mortality was severe. 

 A Mange Bath was used with great success, Perchloride of 

 Mercury solution was used. 



In the Kurram Field Force, during the winter from Nov- 

 ember, 1879, to March, 1880, nearly every camel employed 

 suffered from Mange. It spread with great rapidity, but dis- 

 appeared in the spring. 



In the Tirah Expeditionary Force of 1897-98, from 1st Oct., 

 1897, to 6th April, 1898, with a force of 74,000 animals, there 

 were 4819 cases of Mange, 1501 being in ponies and 1901 in 

 camels. The strength in camels was 12,257 and ponies 16,046. 

 There were only 617 cases in mules out of strength of 15,328 

 and 409 cases in donkeys out of a strength of 13,854. Again 

 we see the relative immunity of the mule and donkey as 

 compared to horse kind. The records of Frontier Expeditions 

 all show high incidence in Winter and little in Summer. 



Chapter IV 

 WASTAGE PECULIAE TO INDIA. 



In order that I may remark more particularly on certain 

 grave contagious diseases prevalent in India and their bearing 

 on the Army, I have deemed it necessary to group them under 

 one heading. The dire diseases to which I refer are Einderpest 

 and Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Cattle, Surra in Camels, and 

 Anthrax in various animals. 



The history of these diseases and the dead loss sustained not 

 only in the Army but in Civil Communities has been and still is 

 appalling, and the machinery of control is most inadequate and 

 imperfect in operation. One would have thought that with the 

 mass of contagious animal disease of all kinds in India, worse 

 by far than any other country that I am acquainted with, one of 

 the first considerations would have been a properly constituted 



