CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 



83 



demonstrated the causal organism; it also is ultra-visible, but 

 it is fragile to ordinary methods of disinfection. There are no 

 means of inoculation against the disease. 



Examples of Einderpest and Foot-and-Mouth Disease on 

 Active Service :— 



Expedition. 



Chitral Eelief Force, 

 1st April to 31st Aug. 

 1895. 



Tirah Expedition Oct. 

 Ist, 1897 to April 6th, 

 1898. 



Tibet Mission, 1904. 



N.W.F. F., 1919. 

 From May 1919 to 

 September 1919. 



Rinderpest. 



1803 cases, 1297 deaths 

 and destructions out of 

 6363 animals. Was also 

 amongst country cattle. 



982 cases. 524 deaths, 43 

 destructions out of ] 3727 

 animals. 



Very prevalent. 



Approximately 400 cases. 

 Average strength of 

 bullocks, 3676. A con- 

 siderable number of 

 deaths amongst slaughter 

 cattle. 



Foot-&-Mouth Disease. 



3675 cases, 151 deaths) 

 95 destructions. Average 

 time under treatment 10 

 to 14 days. 



1378 cases. 45 deaths, 

 3 destructions, out of 

 13727 animals. 



Great number of cases. 



778 cases. Average 

 strength in bullocks, 

 3676. 



Waziristan, 1919-20. 

 From June 1919 to 

 May 1920. 



650 cases. 430 deaths. 

 Average strength, 9700 

 bullocks. 



2430 cases in two out- 

 breaks, one in June 1919 

 and the other in Feby. 

 1920. Average strength 

 in bullocks, 9700. 



Out of 3000 yaks (3 Corps) only 70 remained ; the rest had died from 

 Anthrax (385 cases) Einderpest, Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Pleuro- 

 pneumonia Contagiosa, Debility, from too low altitudes, and " Missing." 



Anthrax. Grass Farms and clean supply of forage have 

 tolled the knell of Anthrax in India. Outbreaks in the Army 

 are now very infrequent. We have had during the past year 

 a few isolated cases amongst camels in the North West 

 Frontier. In comparison with this the record of the Kuram 

 Force of 1879-80 is of great interest. During the months of 

 July, August and September, 1880, 1400 camels died from this 

 disease at Kuram and Shalozan, 217 on the road between 

 Kuram and Thai, and 61 at Thai. 



The Yaks of the Tibet Mission lost 385 from the disease 



