74 A Modern Bee-Farm 
supering for comb honey,* but turning the removed force 
back as soon as the brood results in adult workers. No 
excluder bogies will be wanted under the supers with such 
colonies and properly selected queens, as they will crowd 
the supers with honey while average lots may be doing but 
little. 
In this way a good queen that is willing to expend 
herself, may be relied upon for only one season, and we 
must prepare each season for another, uniting a young one 
and her nucleus to the old stock every Autumn, thus 
ensuring rapid spring breeding and ultimate prosperity. 
There is the alternative of wintering the older queen, 
and changing to a young one when swarming without 
increase by the methods described herein. The reader 
should all the time bear in mind the great possibility of 
securing in one year as much as the average bee-keeper 
gets in three seasons, consequently the mere money value 
of a queen is trifling compared with such a profitable 
result. ‘ 
Selecting Queens for Longevity. 
It has been shown that for dividing early or for supering 
to the best advantage, one must have a young and 
unusually fertile queen with the colony. But she must 
be bred for other good qualities besides fertility. The 
strain must have, and should be eminently capable of 
transmitting, that stamina which ensures longevity ; and 
this means first-class wintering capabilities, rapid building 
up in Spring, no dwindling, and consequently the develop- 
ment of enormous populations, and large yields of honey. 
We are not anxious about keeping a queen over a year 
(unless it be as a selected breeder), but she must come from 
* A natural and moderate reduction of brood will occur when all 
the chambers are left as in working for extracted honey. 
