and its Economic Management. 83 
as very good for bees, and though they have no value for 
hay, it might be worth while to give them a trial. Thus 
we have mustard, which may be sown six to eight weeks 
before needed for flowering; but mustard for Autumn, 
like rape for the following Spring, should not be sown 
later than July. 
Mustard is useful for sheep feeding, or for cleaning the 
ground and ploughing under when just in bloom. Rape 
is also used for folding sheep and then ploughed under ; 
while as a feed for cows, cut as required daily, it is an 
invaluable producer of milk; and if cut during the 
Autumn, will shoot out and flower freely in Spring. 
Poor Lands 
can frequently be restored without ploughing at all. I 
had a very inferior field, and during a wet season in July 
had it heavily manured. After the manure was spread 
over the ground I sowed a mixture of clover seeds. The 
whole was then simply dredged with a heavy bush, and 
in a few days the clover was sprouting thickly over the 
ground. The new growth had all the nourishment required, 
and the following year J cut nearly three tons of valuable 
hay to the acre, where formerly it was not worth cutting. 
In such cases seeds sown without manure would only be 
wasted. 
Area required for 100 Colonies, and Cost of Living. 
Each square mile of 640 acres, it may be computed, will 
support 50 colonies of bees, if we consider the average 
irregular supply; but though this would give the bees 
only half-a-mile to fly each way, from a given centre, I 
hope to show that a much smaller area devoted exclusively 
to bee-forage, will support double that number of colonies 
in full profit. 
