and its Economic Management. 93 
to attempt to get a living from honey-production unless 
he can afford to farm sufficient land to materially assist 
his apiary. In that case he should at least clear his rent 
by his hay-crops, so that he will have the entire produce 
in honey as clear profit, while the proceeds of the necessary 
farm stock will pay his labor bill. 
Does Artificial Pasturage Pay ? 
A remarkable letter appeared in “Gleanings in Bee- 
Culture” for July 15th, 1902, from Dr. Gandy, who appears 
to have made a financial success of planting for bees. He 
says: “I give herewith some ideas obtained during my 
30 -years’ experience as a bee-keeper, the last 17 of which 
I have handled them as a commercial pursuit, keeping 
during this time from 500 to 3,000 colonies, 100 of them 
being in my home apiary. . . . I claim by my method 
of handling, of which I can describe only some of the 
principal features, bees can be made to produce double 
the ordinary surplus and perhaps more. I assume that 
the reader is a bee-keeper who has plenty of nectar- 
secreting plants in his neighbourhood, as any section can 
be made a good place for bees at an expense of 60 dols. 
for catnip and sweet clover seed, and this sum is less than 
the profit I derived from a single colony last year. Much 
of this increase is attributable to the plants; but I am 
confident that my particular methods helped largely to 
bring about the greater yield. 
“When I started bee-keeping on a large scale my 
neighbour bee-keepers did not average a surplus yield of 
over 50 lbs. per year to the colony. I immediately set 
about improving the bee-pasture, and my average yield of 
surplus for eleven years was 150 lbs. to the colony, and 
for the last six years it has been 300 lbs. 
“My increase has always paid all expenses, including 
