118 A Modern Bee-Farm 
Queenless bees, especially Cyprians, Italians and 
Carniolans, or such as have a virgin queen meanwhile, 
will not fail to clear out all evidence of brood disease. 
Replacing an old queen by a young vigorous one of 
either of the above varieties will also result in the 
same condition.—_Change of Queens, ‘‘A Modern Bee- 
Farm,” 1888, 1893, 1904 editions; also “‘ Bee Chat” 
Propositions, 1898. 
CHAPTER X. 
BEE DISEASES ; YOUNG QUEENS AS 
THE FOUNDATION OF CURE. 
Supplying a young queen after an interval; by 
immediate exchange, with certain varieties ; or by 
adding fresh brood and bees; also swarming so as to 
leave young bees on the combs. 
URING my experience with foul brood in 1875-8, I 
X gave whole sets of diseased combs to gueenless lots ; 
and at the same period I also found by removing 
the original queen from Italian bees, and leaving them 
without a fertile queen until they could rear another, or 
had a virgin given them, that every vestige of the disease 
was cleared out by the bees. 
By the year 1886 my experiments were fully confirmed, 
and I published the knowledge I had gained, that the 
removal of the original queen, presently followed by the 
introduction of a vigorous young one, was one of the very 
first steps to be taken in effecting a cure. I pointed out 
this fact in the pages of the British Bee Journal at that 
period, and have since mentioned the advantages of such 
