and tts Economic Management. 131 
The honey may quite possibly contain no germs of disease 
as it lies in the combs of a stock affected by foul brood, but 
it cannot be removed by “robbing,” nor as extracted by 
man, without becoming contaminated ; while the act of 
robbing in itself, because of the mad rush and searching into 
every cell by the marauders must result in contamination. 
I next come to the question of carelessness in handling 
stocks. During my own experience I found no sign of the 
disease being permanently cleared off until that “extreme 
caution” born of repeated disaster and hard experience 
taught me never to work from any Azve to another, 
whether infected or clean, without disinfecting everything 
used, including the hands, after each operation. A 
correspondent bewailing the unfortunate state of his 
apiary, in the most matter of fact manner states: “ Every 
hive [ examined became infected.” 
The mixing of combs and appliances may be carried out 
quite innocently, and often is done, before the apiarist is 
aware he has the disease. This causes a lot of trouble, 
and the owner of the apiary begins to think the disease is 
spreading from one stock to another with a lightning-like 
rapidity ; when in fact, nothing could be farther from the 
truth. As in handling without care, so in this case it is 
simply a matter of infection by actual contact. 
Feeding with Honey. 
Feeding with diseased honey is a subject which requires 
careful consideration. I do not feed with honey, and have 
always condemned the practice as regards bought honey. 
One can never feel safe in using the latter for feeding, and 
candy offered as partly made with honey should be rigidly 
excluded from the apiary.* 
* For many years the Author has used no honey in queen mail 
cages without it being both boiled and medicated. During rg1z 
many queen breeders in the United States adopted this plan. 
