150 A Modern Bee-Farm 
youthful queen; while the workers produced by her are 
of a more hardy constitution. 
I frequently hear from correspondents whose apiaries are 
free from disease, largely because of the yearly renewal of 
young queens* and the persistent use of medicated food,t 
while neighboring apiaries, in some cases just over the 
road, are being ruined by the Isle of Wight or other 
complaints. 
In Spraying the Bees and Combs 
with the Author’s preparation, it is not sufficient that the 
operator use the common rubber spray, which is quite 
inadequate for the purpose of saturating them short of 
drowning. the bees. A fine-spray syringe should be used, 
damping the bees thoroughly to just that extent they will 
not crawl away from the hive. The combs need not .be 
shifted, except in the secondary or fatal stage of the 
complaint, when every comb must be saturated on each 
side. The quilt must be quickly replaced after spraying 
over the tops of the frames, the whole operation being 
carried out in less than three minutes. The bees will at 
once start a merry hum, while busily cleaning themselves 
and each other. 
Steaming or Vaporising 
may be adopted, even in cool weather, using a small kettle 
with a rubber tube passed under the quilting. Apply for 
three to five minutes, using double the quantities of Izal, 
etc., as set out for spraying. This plan is very useful when 
supers are on. 
* The annual renewal of queens has been persistently advocated 
by the Author since the issue of his 1886 pamphlet, and many have 
benefited by following this plan. 
+ In using Izal, one teaspoonful to one pint of water is necessary 
for spraying, or two teaspoonfuls of B-well.” For feeding, use the 
same proportions to 8 lbs. of sugar. 
