164 A Modern Bee-Farm 
top bars, and at the same time being a very convenient 
arrangement for lifting the hive. The permanent entrance 
is 3 inches wide and cut out of the floor, but full width can 
be given by sliding the hive forward. 
The Cover 
is cut from 11-inch stuff as shown in Fig. 13 ; the long edge 
being 21 inches and the other 7} inches. The bevelled 
edges for mitreing at the joints may be cut off on the 
saw bench, or even better, by hand, straight from the 
plank in the first instance, reversing the plank at each 
cut. Otherwise, the inside edge should be gauged at 
8-inch, and then planed down to the mark, leaving the 
outside edge untouched. Nail together with at least five 
2-inch brads down each side. The top square is 11 inches 
across and screwed on from inside. There is no economy 
in planing the wood other than on the outside; but where 
this is not done it requires very much more paint, and is 
liable to rot, as the surface cannot be so well covered. 
The Standard frame and dummy are as represented, 
Figs. 14 and 15; the top bar of the former being 3-inch 
thick instead of the usual weak bar of only 3-inch thickness. 
The top bar may be either $-inch or 1-inch wide, the former 
being generally adopted. 
All covers must be painted on the lower edge and 
2 or 3 inches up underneath as well. The floor requires 
painting at least 3 inches from the edge all round both 
top and bottom, as also the bottom edges of all compart- 
ments. This is too frequently omitted, when the hive does 
not last a fourth of the time it should. So long as all in 
sight is painted that is generally considered sufficient, 
whereas the very parts left undone happen to be the 
most vital, as it is at the joints that the wet settles and 
soon causes mischief. 
