and tts Economic Management. 177 
but its use has only the more forcibly brought to my mind 
the decidedly superior advantages enjoyed when using a 
frame measuring 16 inches by 10 inches. Reference to the 
pages of the Brztesh Bee Journal will show'that there were 
not a few who held out for a brood or stock frame of the 
above dimensions at the time the Association decided on the 
too small and shallow stock frame now almost universally 
used in this country, and conspicuous among the opposition 
was that veteran bee-master, C. N. Abbott. 
It would indeed appear that almost the sole reason why 
the present Standard was adopted, was because of its near 
approach to that of the “Woodbury” pattern, a slight 
alteration being made that it might -accommodate six 
American 44-inch by 44-inch sections, and yet in practice 
scarcely one bee-keeper in 50 has ever brought the stock 
frame into use for that purpose. 
The Langstroth Frame, 
used extensively in America, and exported largely to other 
countries, is also too shallow, and used as the Hoffman, 
spaced only 13-inch from centre to centre, is the cause of 
many winter losses, as the thin shallow frame does not 
carry sufficient store above the cluster. 
Great Security in Wintering. 
Evidence in favor of the larger or deeper size, as giving 
greater security in winter; a larger population more rapidly 
developed in spring ; less inclination to swarm; and at 
all times a more prosperous and profitable colony, with 
comparatively little trouble in maintaining that prosperity 
—has been accumulating right along, as shown by the 
practical results secured from such colonies as remained in 
the old frames used by myself and other apiarists, and 
which should have been, and may yet be recognised as the 
Standard frame in this country, viz., 16 inches by 10 inches. 
N 
