178 A Modern Bee-Farm 
It does not denote progress to hold to a certain size of 
frame simply because that has once been stamped as the 
Standard of the country. 
I have no wish to create confusion, or to induce loss by 
urging all to at once take up with the larger frame our old 
friend Abbott and other veterans attempted to have 
recognised as the British Standard. That frame has most 
certainly been proved, and I therefore recommend it with 
confidence as being far superior to the present Standard or 
the shallow Langstroth for the production of honey on a 
commercial and profitable scale. 
The Shallow Langstroth Frame. 
This frame, adopted so largely in America in the first 
place, because it was supposed to induce the bees to enter 
the supers more quickly when only guides were used ; has 
also encouraged users to adopt four sections in a line, 
instead of three, the latter being more quickly and 
completely finished. 
Another feature that was allowed to rule the shallow: 
depth of both the Langstroth and British Association 
frames was the width of boards required for the outer walls, » 
the narrower boards being slightly cheaper. Thus the 
manufacturer, for the sake of initial false economy, offers 
an article which is a constant and permanent loss to the 
honey producer. 
A deeper, shorter stock frame is more economical for all 
purposes and in all climates, as numerous reports show that 
have been received by the Author over a period of many 
years. 
Moreover, where the Langstroth is used, as in many cases 
it is, as the Hoffman frame, spaced permanently at the 
narrow gauge of 18-inch, the store cells above the cluster 
are so shallow that no powerful colony is safe during a long 
