188 A Modern Bee-Farm 
Journal, is illustrated (Fig. 87) with slots to correspond 
with the side bee-spaces in sections. Other separators are 
the Author’s double fence, and the single cleated dividers. 
No Metal in Supers. 
Woven wire separators, as also those of the new pattern 
wire excluder are sometimes used, but if one wishes for the 
heaviest results in comb-honey, he should use none but 
wood separators. 
When sections have no bee-ways they are used with 
fence or gate separators, having the bee-space fixed by 
vertical cleats or cross-pieces,; which hold the several slats 
together. The first expense is greater, but the separators 
are stronger than ordinary wood dividers; and wood is 
decidedly better than metal in every way. 
Simmins’ Simplicity or Makeshift Rack 
has no bottom rests at all, and allows the sections to 
stand close upon the frames and upon each other, should 
occasion require. In carrying, the sections are allowed to 
bear upon the side strip, and when not in use the racks 
lie flat and take up little room (Fig. 31). 
For years past I have persistently advocated the use of 
full sheets of foundation in sections, and found no better 
plan of securing such than by its insertion into my 
sections cut through on three sides, until in 1888 I 
designed my latest improvement in the shape of 
Completely Divided Sections. 
The advantages of these are—(1) the foundation requires 
no cutting up to fit each separate section, (2) a full sheet of 
foundation, filling three sections at once, can be put in as 
quickly and much more securely than inserting a separate 
piece in a single section, (3) the foundation can be worked 
