and its Economic Management. 193 
together, so that many bees do not cluster upon any 
one sheet. Through many apiarists failing at this point, 
foundation for brood frames has been made much too 
heavy, being only four or five sheets (standard) to the 
pound ; whereas I have no trouble in working full sheets 
at eight feet to the pound ; indeed, ten feet to the pound 
have been worked without sagging. 
Where Swarms are Hived upon Foundation, 
the frames should be spaced not more than 34-inch apart, 
with very light covering for the first few days, and a wide 
entrance. The Author has hived swarms on foundation 
with no covering for a few days beyond the deep roof. 
Those who desire extra tough combs and _ well-filled 
frames, will find the most satisfactory plan to be that of 
Wiring the Frames. 
This is often done by piercing holes through the top and 
bottom of the frames about two inches apart to receive the 
wires, while another is run from side to side in the shape 
of the letter Y. I prefer the parallel wires to run from 
side to side (Figs. 22 C, 22 D) as the bottom rail is generally 
too weak to stand the strain, but in this case the sheet of 
wax must be secured to the top bar. 
Horizontal versus Vertical Wires. 
Vertical wires are undesirable, not only because there is 
no “stay” in the bottom bar, but also for the reason that 
the combs built on them are “wavy,” and frequently almost 
divided by the weight of the bees while the incomplete 
comb is soft. 
Crossed wires and those hooked around the frame are 
also detrimental, and non-practical, as the bees never build 
properly over the hooks and crossed wires. . 
There is no advantage whatever in using hooks, with 
Q 
