and tts Economic Management. 213 
ventilation and foul matter now begin to tell upon the 
constitution of the population, and there is little chance 
that the stock will ever be of much use ‘unless it has 
immediate attention, as many of the bees are now unable 
to fly when warm days do offer them a chance; particularly 
is this the case where the frames run across the entrance 
with double walls. With single walls and the frames 
end on to the entrance the bees are not so liable to be 
blocked in. 
Dysentery 
may also result from the winter food being too thick and 
candied, while the bees are unable to search for water; or 
the stores may be too thin and watery, therefore sour and 
unfit for the bees. Thus in either case the result is 
semi-starvation—a case of deficient nourishment with a 
derangement of the digestive system, and ultimate inability 
to hibernate perfectly. 
Bees that stand entirely in the shade all Winter may 
finally succumb to dysentery from the simple fact that 
they have been unable to take a cleansing flight. 
Warm syrup applied by inverting a bottle directly on 
the frames, and immediately over the cluster, will help the 
bees to recover, more especially if it can be given during a 
warm gleam-of sunshine. The mouth of the bottle should 
be covered with a double thickness of cheese cloth or old 
thin linen, so that all can be entirely taken while it remains 
warm. 
Covering above Frames. 
Much uncertainty exists among novices as to whether 
the frames*should be covered with porous or non-porous 
material ; but, dear reader, it is just this: if you use 
porous material above your winter cluster, an entrance 
not more than three inches in width should be allowed ; 
