and tts Economic Management. 243 
If through any inattention to the supers, or a sudden 
influx of honey, the bees have no room above, no time is 
lost, and they can go on building below. Nevertheless, 
these frames with starters must never be allowed to have 
finished combs, and should any be nearing completion they 
are to be cut out to be used in the sections, first extracting 
the honey, if any, and exposing for two or three days those 
which may contain eggs, that they may be removed by the 
bees when such combs are returned. 
Bottom to Top. 
It is much better, however, to adopt the plan of working 
as used in the Conqueror hive, lifting the crate of sections 
above the stock as soon as the bees are clustering and 
working on the foundation. 
Causes of Failure. 
So many questions are put forward by those who 
fail to prevent swarming that without enumerating all, 
I will refer to the main points and endeavour to make 
the matter clear to my correspondents. I do not pro- 
pose that all the benefits which may be derived from 
my system are to be attained by simply using the 
Conqueror, and then just leaving everything without 
further control. 
The principal causes of failure generally brought to light, 
after examination, prove to be—(1) Want of sufficient 
ventilation. (2) Using excluder zinc between the stock 
and super. (3) Not starting the supers with prepared 
combs. (4) Not removing the surplus as ready, and so 
failing to keep the bees at work in the right direction. (5) 
Not using the new combs when started below the stock for 
super work, or, with the Conqueror hive, not moving the 
lower super above the stock. (6) The failure to keep young 
