270 A Modern Bee-Farm 
queen down, having slots jin. wide, which presumably |. 
admit neither queens nor drones, but its use is detrimental. 
Deep hives, with the extra chamber for prevention of 
swarming, will rarely be left by the queen, and with a 
careful and judicious adjustment of the stock-combs before 
supering no adapter will be needed. 
All combs arranged for extracting should stand at a set 
distance apart all the time, as the surfaces will then be 
finished off evenly, thus making the uncapping process more 
rapid. It may even be an advantage to use supers with 
dividers, as first illustrated in my paimphlet of 1886. 
All Drone Cells in Supers. 
Many bee-keepers follow the practice of using drone-comb 
in extracting supers, hence they are compelled to use 
excluder zinc between the stock and supers. Otherwise the 
drone cells are a great inducement for the queen, at the will 
of the workers, to deposit eggs therein during the honey 
season. 
The Reader may accept my assurance as an undoubted 
fact, and one of serious importance, that he loses much 
surplus by adopting excluder zinc, while the bees are more 
inclined to swarm when it is in use. It is not only that less 
honey is carried through this impediment, but also that 
more may be stored below in the stock combs, thus cramping 
the brood nest, and curtailing the increase of population. 
Metal Ends 
are often used on the ends of brood-frames, for spacing at 
set distances, being barely I4in. wide. For extracting the 
ends should not be more than Ijin. without dividers, or 2in. 
if any form of separator is used. 
Where there is any difficulty in restraining the queen, as 
where all shallow, or all standard frames may be used, and 
the queen excluder is objectionable, then place all suc- 
