and tts Economic Manageiment. 271 
ceeding sets of combs Je/ow the brood nest as recommended 
in Non-Swarming pamphlet; then extracting from the 
upper set as the brood is replaced by honey. 
Mr. Howard designed single strips of excluder slots with 
plain 3in. sides, which can be inserted between the frame 
bars, thus spacing the frames at the same time, and being 
adapted to few or many frames. It will be found far better, 
however, to work entirely without excluder zinc in any 
form. 
The best Queen-Excluder 
is the powerful colony, 4%¢ why should you super it just 
as you find it when you think it is ready, and becoming 
over-crowded? This is just what the average bee-keeper 
does, and then he wonders why he cannot do without 
excluder zinc, and moreover why his bees swarm as soon as 
they have made a beginning in the surplus chambers. 
I must repeat that the numerous teachers who are 
advocating the use of queen-excluder zinc between stock 
and super. are missing the great principle in honey- 
production, and general bee-management. Every advancing 
bee-master should grind this fad under his heel, and will rely 
upon the 
Re-arrangement of the Brood-nest before Supering, 
for the purpose of giving the queen plenty of room, while 
at the same time ensuring a large population. The older 
capped and hatching brood combs you will place at the 
centre, while the uncapped brood will be placed to the 
outsides.* This must be made a great point in manage- 
ment just.prior to supering, and then the bees are obliged 
to carry all the incoming harvest upstairs ; while the queen 
* Two or three sheets of foundation may be placed near the 
centre in exchange for some of the heavily stored combs that may 
be near the ends. 
