and its Economic Management.. 301 
Not only are the bees unable to force a sufficient supply 
of pure air into the average hive when very popuious, and 
the weather is hot, by the usual openings allowed ; but in 
cool seasons, when ventilation is also much needed, they do 
not ventilate at all. 
Hence the utmost necessity of using a hive that is 
ventilated fully and freely at all times, without incon- 
venience to the inmates; and in such a manner that no 
perforated zinc is required, and therefore the air spaces (as 
bee-spaces) are never closed up. 
Few disease germs can exist in the presence of a plentiful 
supply of pure oxygen, as it helps to build up the vital 
properties of healthy tissue, while at the same time con- 
suming waste matter, thus expelling or destroying all 
harmful parasites, which, like vultures scanning the plains 
from afar, and yet ever near, are ready to swoop down 
upon their prey the moment the light of life is over- 
shadowed. 
Unusual Ventilation. 
I am compelled to use the term “unusual,” as that is 
really the condition that is required, and if it ‘is not so 
explained, the average Reader will not realize that he must 
provide more fresh air than the ordinary hive allows, if he 
is going to keep free from disease in the future. 
In the Conqueror hives the quilting is tucked down to 
the front and two sides close against the outer case, duz 
the space up the back (13in.) zs mever so closed, hence there 
is always a free passage of air under the stock, du¢ not 
through tt. The outer entrance in Summer is some 2in. 
deep by I6in., but may be considerably reduced for Winter, 
because of the perfect internal ventilation. 
The gin. space between all chambers and the front wall 
of the outer case permits of the majority of the honey 
