and its Economic Management. 313 
that is to produce them must either be made queenless, or 
be maintained at a swarming condition ; while another plan 
is that which divides a strong colony, using the queenless 
swarm for starting the queen cells, and then he is to guard 
against the destruction of the surplus queens. 
The Plan often Recommended 
of simply removing the queen from a colony in normal 
condition and then inducing the bees to start queen cells 
where desired by enlarging the mouth of worker cells, is 
really more simple than practical. In the first place, one 
cell only is never large enough to form the base of a queen 
cell; two at least are thrown into one, but more often 
three ; and where the bees have unlimited material at hand 
a queen cell will not be built upon one in fifty of such 
enlarged cells, and where Ligurians are concerned very often 
only two or three cells are started. 
My own Plans 
vary according to the condition of the hive under treatment 
and the season of the year. Thus, early and late in the 
season it is better to provide, or leave part of a comb in 
the frame, upon which to attach the cells containing the 
selected larve for queen-rearing. During settled bee- 
weather, the plain bars across the frame may be used for 
the purpose, or my original revolving bars and cell-cups 
attached, for greater convenience. 
The bars with cell-cups may be inverted so that the flat 
sides may be used also for attaching the single worker cells 
without removing the egg or larve. 
My Methods of Preparing Stocks 
for queen-rearing consist, early in the year, of removing the 
queen one day, and the next day shaking off all the bees 
