and its Economic Management. 315 
the queen-rearer in various ways. They are, of course, not 
available early and late, but when in season will always be 
building comb where it is not wanted, and making every- 
thing sticky with honey when these combs must constantly 
be broken. These and other difficulties are not so much 
in evidence when all young bees are used for queen-rearing. 
while the cells are equally as fine, and the queens certainly 
more desirable. 
Queen-cells without Removing the Presiding Queen. 
It is not generally known that at certain periods of the 
year one may ensure the building of fine queen-cells in 
the hive where the original queen is laying all the time, and 
no zinc excluding divider need be used; in this case not 
under the swarming impulse, but at the season swarming is 
quite out of the question. 
Towards the Autumn a full sheet of foundation may be 
used to divide the brood-nest. As soon as this is partly 
worked about the centre and there occupied by eggs, a fresh 
sheet of foundation takes its place, while that with eggs is 
placed between brood-combs on that side of the plain sheet 
where the queen is not. She will rarely pass the latter at 
this season, and a number of fine cells are built on that sheet 
first inserted. . 
Instead of inserting the second sheet of foundation, the 
queen may be removed just as the eggs are hatching in the 
new comb. Fine queens may thus be secured at a season 
when other methods will largely fail, although the weather 
may still be quite suitable for mating. 
Retaining the Original Queen in Summer. 
The above plan represents the principle upon which a 
very simple method of queen-rearing can be carried out 
during the active season, without the least necessity of 
maintaining a stock at the swarming point. A moderately — 
