and tts Economic Management. 329 
absolutely needs free access to the cells containing natural 
stores of pollen, as well as honey. When free, she receives 
no care from the workers, and consumes a_ considerable 
amount of pollen in building up her wonderful constitution 
ready for the onerous duties to follow. Consequently I 
select unsealed combs of stores consisting of pollen and 
honey, whereon the young queens are caged as shown, 
until they can be utilized. Twelve to 20, or even 30, are 
placed on a suitable comb, and these inserted between the 
brood cémbs of a strong nucleus. In this way I also have 
Duplicate Queens in Nuclei ; 
and liberate a virgin. soon after the earlier queen has been 
removed. This has always saved me much time and 
material, as a small number of nuclei will bring along 
many queens during suitable weather. I have frequently 
mentioned that | knew of only one way of giving a virgin 
immediately upon removing a fertile queen, and that is 
how it is done. The virgin being caged all the time in the 
hive, the bees accept her soon after the fertile queen is 
removed. It is a rule that virgin queens are not accepted 
until after the third day from removing a fertile queen. 
There are exceptions, but even with duplicate queens, each 
must have fair play, and when considered fertile should not 
be sold as untested fertile queens until they have capped 
brood distinct from that started by the earlier queens. 
Surplus Virgin Queens 
will probably be on hand, and where these cannot be 
accommodated by breaking up other stocks, one-frame- 
confined nuclei may be made up provided with thorough 
ventilation, and in which are to be placed a comb of stores 
and some three or four hundred bees. These may be side 
combs from nuclei already established, and should contain 
no brood. 
