338 A Modern Bee-Farm 
Each stock should be supplied with a young queen 
every year; not only as a greater safeguard against 
disease, but also that a supply of young bees may be 
ensured (from a July-reared queen) before Winter ; 
and as a guarantee that the colony shall rapidly 
build up to unusual numbers in time for the first 
early yield of the new season. 
CHAPTER XXI. 
INTRODUCTION OF ALIEN QUEENS TO 
STOCKS AND NUCLEI. 
NE of the most interesting features in connection 
with Modern Bee-keeping is that a stock may be 
wholly changed,as to colour of the bees, their 
temper and general disposition, by the simple act of 
inserting a fresh queen. Under some conditions the bees 
will not hesitate to destroy the stranger, and various ways 
have been devised to ‘guard against this disposition of 
theirs. The different methods come under two distinct 
systems : the old, called “ Caging,” and the new, known as 
“ Simmins’ Direct Introduction.” 
Generally speaking, the caging process is carried out by 
placing the queen in a small perforated compartment, 
wherein she is confined between two combs among the 
bees for 48 hours, when the bee-keeper opens the hive 
carefully and allows the queen to run among her new 
subjects. If then attacked, she must be again confined, 
and tried after the lapse of another twelve hours, 
Direct Introduction consists in so inserting the queen 
without confinement that the bees are either unaware of 
