346 A Modern Bee-Farm 
brood or not, or queen cells in any stage of development. 
It is also applicable to any season of the year. 
Immediate Introduction, 
so named by the Author, as a slight variation from Direct 
Introduction, is a practice he has followed for many years. 
The fresh fertile queen is given at the same moment the 
other is removed, during the day, and with just ordinary 
smoking. , 
If the new queen had been laying in the same apiary and 
is young, no preparation whatever is necessary ; otherwise 
she may be placed alone as before for not less than 
30 minutes before making the exchange. 
‘ Twelve Hours without Food. 
Late evening, after the 30 minutes fasting, is the best 
time for the average bee-keeper to insert queens; but 
nevertheless the Author does not confine himself to this 
late hour, and frequently inserts queens at any time of 
the day. 
A queen may be confined alone for an hour, or two or 
three hours, if warm, without detriment. In one case the 
Author left a queen quite alone in a tube cage for twelve 
hours without food, at a temperature of 50°, and when 
given to a colony she appeared to be none the worse for 
her solitary confinement, and produced worker brood in 
regular order. 
Loss of Queens by Flight. 
While being transferred to the hive after the period of 
fasting, a queen is sometimes lost. This can be avoided by 
using the Author’s tube cages, stopping the opening with a 
piece of dandelion leaf, lightly inserted. The tube cage 
can then be placed across or between the frames, and left 
just as it is, as the leaf very soon withers and the queen 
quietly walks out. 
