350 A Modern Bee-Farm 
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reference to fecundated queens, but with regard to the 
introduction of 
Virgin Queens, 
hitherto there has been some uncertainty, but satisfactory 
plans I have found are :—(1) By introducing to a confined 
nucleus as shown above for fertile queens; (2) by the 
tubular cage before mentioned ; in this case pressing 
the open end into. ¢hzz foundation after putting in the 
young queen, or by pushing the open end diagonally 
downwards into the sealed stores near the top bar; (3) by 
allowing three days to pass after the removal of a fertile 
queen, and then inserting at night, and (4) by duplicate 
queens caged where a queen already laying is to be 
removed. (See also “ Queen Rearing.”) 
Queen-cells may be inserted three days after removing 
‘a fertile queen ; or at the same time if given with a comb 
and bees just as removed from another hive, and without 
being damaged in any way. 
Two Queens Working Together. 
It is quite often found among Italian bees, that two 
queens—an old and failing mother and her daughter—will 
be allowed in the same stock, and deposit eggs side by side. 
An Australian bee-keeper, Mr. Beuhne, not long since 
said he thus always gave a queen-cell where the original 
queen was over two years old, and he presently found both 
laying. But as old queens should not be allowed there can 
only be loss by waiting so long before replacing the old 
queen. 
Many years earlier Mr. D. M. Doolittle offered his spiral 
queen cell protector for inserting queen cells with a similar 
object in view. j 
Queens Dying in Cage. 
When inserting queens by the cage it sometimes happens 
