and its Economic Management. 351 
that they are found dead. This may result from either 
want of food, or death by stinging or worrying, as the 
perforations are too large in almost all cages used. The 
former shows the danger of using such cages as do not 
press into the combs, should the bees be disinclined to feed 
the stranger; while the latter evil can be remedied by using 
perforations no larger than an ordinary pin will pass. We 
may now, indeed, consider the period of uncertainty, as in 
the days of queen caging, to have passed away. Under 
the Author's own management, the subject of queen 
introduction has been reduced to a certainty. In addition 
to the methods of direct introduction already enumerated, 
the experience gained by an extensive practice has resulted 
in the following further observations, which must prove 
of service to many who may have cause to introduce 
queens. 
Certainty in Giving Valuable Queens. 
A fertile queen is rarely objected to where queen cells 
are already capped over, and one may be run in at any 
time of the day. Any such colony will also accept a 
virgin queen right away, and if broken up into nuclei the 
respective divisions will. accept one or more fertilized or 
virgin queens. Upon the removal of a virgin queen, a 
fertile one will almost certainly be accepted if inserted at 
the same operation. In each case it is of course safer to 
keep the strange queen alone for 30 minutes. 
A colony deprived of the queen and the whole of its 
brood will accept either a virgin or fertile queen as soon 
as they are in an uproar because of such loss. The 
absence of the queen is detected almost immediately 
when, the brood also is removed. Many bees are lost if 
bees are allowed to remain thus deprived for any length 
of time. My first Holy Land queen was introduced in 
