and tts Economic Management. 395 
reason for shifting the nucleus occasionally. In that case a 
young queen is not an absolute necessity, unless the other 
begins to fail. Where swarms have been hived upon 
starters, I have avoided the building of drone combs by 
placing the frames rather less than 1%in. from centre to 
centre. This point appears to have been overlooked by 
many who have been troubled in that direction. 
Pollen Stored in the Sections. 
This trouble I learned to avoid when hiving swarms upon 
full sheets of foundation in my endeavor to get the best 
work started in the sections. Just as I hived swarms upon 
foundation (when made by division), I also put them upon 
starters, with the addition of two combs of brood ; one with 
uncapped larve, and the other having brood hatching. 
Thus the bees have room to store the pollen carried the 
first day or two, without spoiling the partly finished sections 
when they happen to be removed from the old stock to the 
swarm; arid what is of equal importance, there is just 
sufficient brood to make up for wear and tear before a 
general hatching would otherwise take place. Moreover, 
the queen is kept below without the useless and expensive 
addition of excluder zinc generally used where starters are 
given under the sections. 
When Swarming, 
the plan is not to throw the bees entirely into the sections 
as soon as they are hived, but simply to prevent the pro- 
duction of an excess of brood in the height of the season, 
and with the two combs of brood so arranged the’colony is 
worth wintering after the season is over; whereas in the 
other case several have to be united to get a fair stock. 
\ When Hiving on Starters 
. the brood combs may, however, be dispensed with if the 
