ana its Economic Management. 445 
assuredly we ought to have had, and without question should 
have had, the I.O.W. plague in dire evidence for centuries 
prior to its advent into this country in the year 1904. 
There could be no better proof advanced than this quite 
unintentionally contradictory attempt to tack Nosema apis 
on to all bee complaints (save one), thus showing so clearly, 
by the simple act of retrospection, that this organism is not 
responsible for the I.0.W. disease, which was not known in 
Great Britain before 1904, while bee-paralysis of any kind 
was of very rare occurrence. 
Hence, so far from being the “cause” of any serious bee 
disease, osema apts may be regarded solely as an “effect” 
' of a diseased condition—a common microbe—appearing in 
greater numbers when some other ailment reduces the 
vitality of the bees. (See footnote, page 146.) 
Experts and no Cure !—One of the most astounding 
features in connection with the I.O.W. trouble is that 
experts—and among them some of the most prominent 
lecturers and experts holding certificates—declare there is 
absolutely “no cure.” And yet the Author has repeatedly 
shown that the cure is most simple, and may be described 
in a few words. 
(1) The substitution of a young queen of a vigorous prolific variety 
during the active season, will turn a dwindling stock into a prosperous, 
highly profitable colony—every time. 
(2) Any plan of division that, during the active season, separates the 
older and more seriously affected workers from those slightly or not 
affected, from the younger bees, and the brood still to hatch, will always 
form a basis of cure. 
(3) Feeding any affected stock rapidly with suitably medicated food, 
will subdue the worst case in twelve or fourteen days; changing the 
queen meantime. 
(4) Where the earlier symptoms of the disease are noticed—with no 
hairless, dark or bloated bees the trouble is instantly checked by 
spraying the bees with warm medicated water. 
