: and its Economic Management. 453 
American Opinion in a number of instances is opposed 
to the shallow Langstroth frame, spaced only rgin. from 
centre to centre, and that frame must not be regarded as 
the only style used in the States, although unfortunately it 
happens to be the one most largely exported to other 
countries, where a deeper, shorter frame would be found 
more profitable. 
Letter from American Bee-keeper.—< The hives in 
this country are very simple and easy to manipulate, but I 
do not think they go far enough to make any records as to 
honey gathered. Of course tons of honey are produced 
here, but we have to thank the immense richness of our 
country (in bee flora) more than any intensive or exact 
manner of handling bees.—Michigan, U.S.A., June 9th, 
IQII.” 
Unprotected Hives and Supers; Flat Covers; No 
Roof Ventilation.—Perhaps many Americans will not 
agree with the above letter, but it is possible, and I have 
always considered it to be a fact, that except where chaff 
hives may be adopted, both American and Canadian hives 
and supers are often too cheaply made and non-protective. 
Transport, Shipping, etc.—Of course there is always the 
question of transport, moving many hives to the cellars, etc. ; 
when it is evident that a light hive takes up less room, and 
is more readily handled. But do these advantages com- 
pensate for the loss of 50 to 100 per cent. extra hard cash, 
such as more protective methods ‘would certainly ensure ? 
An exception certainly occurred in the State of Michigan, 
where, during the very exceptional season of 1913, Dr. C. C. 
Miller secured an average of over 200 lbs. of comb honey. 
Loss of Energy.—There are of course plenty of flimsy 
hives in Great Britain, but British bee-keepers could not use 
flat covers with no top ventilation. In Winter the bees 
