ana tts Economic Management. 407 
is six weeks, and through the quiet months of Winter six,to 
eight months. The Author has had many live ten months. 
Fertile workers are not often troublesome except in the 
queen-raising apiary. When they persist in laying in nuclei, 
do not attempt to give virgin queens, but at once supply a 
good fertile queen on a comb of brood, with accompanying 
bees ; this also being the very best and simplest cure where 
they are found in stocks of greater strength. 
Where eggs of fertile workers are placed in worker cells, 
many of the larve die before reaching maturity, otherwise 
the cappings are raised much above the surface, as with 
normal drones. The males resulting are dwarfed and non- 
virile. ; 
While I have had ample evidence to show that bees are 
able to retard the development of both eggs and larve by 
withholding food ; where a colony has been queenless for 
more than ten days, the presence of uncapped larvee, whether 
in queen cell cups or ordinary cells, may be put down to the 
action of fertile workers. 
Bees winter best with plenty of room below the frames. 
Many of my own stocks have been wintered with the lower 
body under the stock chamber, as used for prevention of 
swarming, with very satisfactory results. The Conqueror 
supplies this space without a second chamber. 
Syrup without Cooking.—A self-acting principle was 
introduced by me some 30 years since, was illustrated in my 
Non-Swarming Pamphlet, and described under three forms : 
(1) The “ Amateur,” all metal and circular, holding 9 lbs., for 
top of the hive ; (2) The “ Frame” feeder, all wood, except 
the perforated sugar holder inside, holding about the same 
