Uses of Screenings. 9 



reclaim as much as possible of the wheat and oats contained. The 

 term scalpings is therefore a very general one to denote the larger 

 material in the cleanings as taken from the grain. 



The black seeds is the material coming through a one-fourteenth 

 inch perforated zinc screen. 



After the removal of the scalpings and the black seeds, the 

 succotash flax is separated from the buckwheat screenings by the 

 3 X 16 woven wire screen (contains three wires to the inch one way 

 and sixteen the other). The succotash flax passes through this 

 screen. This material is separated from the rest of the screenings 

 for the sake of the flax which sometimes occurs in screenings in 

 sufficient quantities to pay for its separation. 



Disposal of Screenings 



From 80 to 90 per cent of the screenings accumulating at the 

 head of the lakes have been going to the United States. The balance, 

 chiefly scalpings, have been shipped to Ontario and Quebec. 



Uses of Screenings. 



IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Sheep Feeding. — Considerable quantities of screenings are fed 

 every winter to sheep. The sheep are fed in large sheds operated in 

 connection v/ith railway companies on whose lines the sheep are 

 carried from the ranges. The following sheep-feeding stations in 

 the vicinity of Chicago are typical: On the Chicago, Milwaukee & 

 St. Paul Railway at Kirkland, 111.; on the Chicago, Burhngton & 

 Quincy Railway at Montgomery, 111. ; and on the Rock Island Railway 

 at Stockdale, 111. Besides these, other railways entering Chicago 

 maintain similar stations. They are also provided at Osseso, New 

 Brighton, and Anoka, in the vicinity of Minneapolis. 



At the Kirkland station, which is typical of such places, there is 

 accommodation for 50,000 sheep at one time. The sheep are fed 

 here from one to sixty days, depending on their condition, and 

 often too, on the markets. Shearing sheds are provided and used 

 as required. 



Sheep taken from the ranges are usually fed about thirty days. 

 At first they are given only hay. Then a small quantity (half a 

 pound per day) of light chaffy screenings is added. Gradually 

 this is increased until in about a week or ten days the sheep have 

 access to the "self-feeders," from which they eat all the screenings 

 they want (about 2 pounds per day). At the same time the pro- 

 portion of chaff is decreased and the proportion of seeds increased. 

 The sheep are kept on a diet of pure screenings for only a day or two, 

 and then a little cracked corn is added. The proportion of corn 

 is increased gradually until the ration consists of half or slightly 

 more than half corn, the sheep being given all they will eat of 

 this" mixture, as well as hay. 

 81902—2 



