6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



>PenelopidE Bonaparte, Saggio Distr. Anim. Vertebr., 1831, 54 (includes 

 Menuridae, Megapodidae, and Opisthocomidae!). 



=Penelopidae Nitzsch, Syst. Pterylog., 1840, 167. — Baiju), Rep. Pacific R. R. 

 Surv., ix, 1858, 609, 610. 



<Penelopinae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 325 (genera Penelope and 

 Oreophasis). 



<Penelopinae Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 135 (Stegnolaema, 

 Penelope, Penelopina, Pipile, Aburria, Chamaepetes, and Ortalis). — Baisd, 

 Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 397. — Elliot, 

 Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 233, in text.— Coues, Key North Amer. Birds, 

 ed. 2, 1884, 573. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, 1886, 178; 

 ed. 3, 1910, 146.— Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 473.— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 1902, 275. 



>Cracidae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 325 (includes Meleagridae!). 



=Cracidae Gadow, Classif. Vertebr., 1898, 34. — Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., Ixxvi, art. 24, 1930, 3; Smiths. Misc. Coll., Ixxxix, No. 13, 1934, 6; 

 xcix, No. 7, 1940, 5. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 4, 

 1931, 78.— Peters, Check-Hst Birds of World, ii, 1934, 9.— Hellmayr and 

 CoNOVER, Cat. Birds Amer., i. No. 1, 1942, 141. 



=Cracidae Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, vii, 135. — Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 397.— Codes, Key North 

 Amer. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 572.— Elliot, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 229, 232, 

 in text. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, 1886, 178; ed. 3, 

 1910, 146.— Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 33, 473.— Sharpe, 

 Hand-list, i, 1899, x, 14. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 

 1902, 271.— Knowlton, Birds of the World, 1909, 49, 271. 



<Cracinae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 325. 



>Cracina£ Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 135. — Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 397. — Elliot, Stand. Nat. 

 Hist., iv, 1885, 233, in text. — Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 

 1893, 473.— Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 1902, 271. 

 XCracinse Ridgway, Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, 207 (includes all genera 

 except Oreophasis) . 



<Oreophasins Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 137 (^Oreophasis 

 only). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 

 397.— Elliot, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 232, in text.— Ridgway, Man. North 

 Amer. Birds, 1887, 208.— Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 473.— 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, iii, 1902, 274. 



=Duodecempennatae Sundevall, of v. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1873, 118. 



Gallinaceous birds with hallux incumbent and more than half as long 

 as lateral toes, its basal phalanx as long as that of the third (middle) 

 toe; with tufted oil gland; sternum less than twice as long as its inner 

 notch; both carotids present; trachea usually coiled; biceps slip never 

 present; wing eutaxic (quintocubital), habits arboreal, nidification normal. 



Bill variable, usually relatively small, with culmen longer than meso- 

 rhinium and broadly rounded (not ridged), the tomia never denticulate; 

 sometimes much higher than broad basally, with the mesorhinium high 

 and more or less arched, sometimes produced into a swollen knob or bony 

 tubercle. Nostril more or less longitudinal, the cere entirely nude (ex- 

 cept in Oreophasis). Wing moderately large, relatively very broad, 



