BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 15 



Suhadidt mwZ^.— Similar to the adult but without the swollen wattle on 

 the cere. 



Juvenal male. — Similar to the adult female dark phase but with the 

 entire breast and upper abdomen blackish, the abdominal feathers basally 

 pale chestnut, which color shows through the black; thighs with dusky- 

 edges and tips to each of the feathers producing a scalloped appearance ; 

 and entire back and scapulars blackish like the interscapulars ; primaries 

 darker — very dark chestnut on the outer webs, dark sepia on the in- 

 ner ones. 



Juvenal female.^* — Three phases, as follows : 



1. Dark phase: Similar to the adult of the same phase but with the 

 secondaries and the long scapulars mottled with white, the irregular 

 elongated whitish marks surrounded with black; the central pair of 

 rectrices vermiculated black and chestnut and similarly mottled with white ; 

 the next pair with a few white marks on the outer webs ; upper tail coverts 

 dark chestnut vermiculated with black like the median rectrices but with 

 no white, breast very dark chestnut, not black, the lower breast, upper 

 abdomen, and sides barred more or less with dusky fuscous and 

 ochraceous-buff ; occasional feathers have the buff replaced by white; 

 thighs similarly barred with fuscous; crest with several white bars. 



2. Red phase: Similar to the corresponding adult but with the lower 

 breast, abdomen, and thighs barred with fuscous, and the remiges crossed 

 by numerous rather fine wavy blackish bars ; crest with several white bars. 



3. Barred-backed phase: Similar to the corresponding adult but the 

 crest feathers with several white bars instead of one very broad one; 

 upper abdomen and sides and flanks barred with fuscous-black. 



Natal down. — Down of head, upperparts generally, breast, sides, flanks, 

 and thighs grayish warm buff, abdomen white ; the chin also whitish ; tip 

 and sides of head with blackish spots which tend to become connected 

 into longitudinal stripes on the hindneck and back (where there are one 

 median and two lateral stripes separated by slightly more grayish, less 

 buffy, down than that of the upperparts generally; bill dusky yellowish, 

 tending toward lead grayish on the maxillary tomium; tarsi and toes 

 pale ochraceous-salmon. (descr. ex col. fig. in Heinroth, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 Ixxix, 1931, pi. xvii, facing p. 282). 



have seen four examples of the barred-backed form "chapmani Nelson," all females. 

 As far as I have been able to discover, all the known specimens of this type come 

 from Campeche and Yucatan; the plumage is not represented from other parts of 

 the range of rubra and is not known to occur in the Cozumel Island subspecies 

 griscomi. It is impossible to decide the status of chapmani definitely; it may be a 

 color phase of rubra as here treated, and as considered by several recent authors, 

 or it may be a distinct species. A similar case in South America is to be found in 

 Crax grayi Ogilvie-Grant and in Crax pitiima Pelzeln. 

 " There seems to be no subadult stage that may be told from skins. 



