BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 63 



lum and longer than broad; furcula weak and (viewed laterally) straight, 



with rodlike hypocleideum Meleagrididae (p. 436) 



bb. Head and upper neck feathered or mostly so ; contour feathers not truncate ; 



postacetabulum shorter than (in Tetraonidae, part, equal to) preacetabulum, 



and broader than long; furcula strong and (viewed laterally) curved, with 



expanded hypocleideum. 



c. Tarsus never feathered (except, very rarely, extreme upper portion) ; toes 



never pectinated nor feathered; nasal fossae wholly unfeathered (except, 



sometimes, a narrow strip along lower posterior portion) ; neck never 



with inflatable air sacs ; postacetabular region only moderately broad ; 



hypocleideum oval in contour ; tarsometatarsus more than half as long 



as tibia Phasianidae (p. 230) 



d. Mandibular tomium without serrations; maxilla relatively broader and 

 more depressed, with tip more produced; planta tarsi frequently 



spurred Phasianinae (p. 232) 



dd. Mandibular tomium serrated subterminally ; maxilla relatively narrower 

 and higher, with tip less produced ; planta tarsi never spurred. 



Odontophorinae (p. 234) 

 cc. Tarsus more or less (sometimes wholly) feathered; toes with lateral pec- 

 tinations or else densely feathered; nasal fossae densely feathered; neck 

 usually with lateral inflatable air sacs ; postacetabular region very broad ; 

 hypocleideum triangular; tarsometatarsus less than as long as tibia. 



Tetraonidae (p. 63) 



Family TETRAONIDAE : Grouse ; Ptarmigan ; etc. 



^Tetraoninae Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 62. — CouES, Key North Amer. Birds, 

 1872, 232; ed. 2, 1884, 557.— Elliot, Stand. Nat. Hist, iv, 1885, 198, 207, in 

 text. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, 1886, 170. — Knowlton, 

 Birds of the World, 1909, 280, in text. 



=Tetraoninae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 321. 



>Tetraoninae Gadow, in Bronn, Thier-Reich, Vog., ii, 1891, 172 (includes Odon- 

 tophorinae and genera Perdix, Caccabis, Francolinus, and Coturnix!). 



>Tetraonidae Coues, Key North Amer. Birds, 1872, 232; ed. 2, 1884, 576 (includes 

 Odontophorinae).- — Sclater and Salvtn, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, vii, 137 (in- 

 cludes Odontophorinae). — Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 321 (includes 

 Odontophorinae and Old World partridges). — Elliot, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 

 1885, 198, in text (includes Odontophorinae and Old World partridges). — Ameri- 

 can Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, 1886, 167 (includes Odontophorinae). 



=Tetraonidae Baied, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 619. — Wetmore, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., Ixxvi, art. 24, 1930, 3 ; Smiths. Misc. Coll., Ixxxix, No. 13, 1934, 6 ; 

 xcix. No. 7, 1940, 6.^ — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 4, 

 1931, 78.— Peters, Check-list Birds of World, ii, 1934, 24. 



=Tetraonid3e Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 

 414.— Sharpe, Rev. Rec. Att. Oassif. Birds, 1891, 68; Hand-list, i, 1899, x, 18.— 

 Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, xi, 33, 34. — American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 3, 1910, 137. 



>Perdicidae Elliot, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 207, in text (includes Odonto- 

 phorinae and Old World partridges and quails). 



Galliform birds with nasal fossae completely and densely feathered ; at 

 least upper half of tarsus (usually whole tarsus) feathered, and toes with 

 lateral pectinations or else densely feathered; neck usually with lateral 



