BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 75 



but with the feathers of the interscapulars, scapulars, upper back, lower 

 throat, breast, upper abdomen, and sides with white shaft streaks; chin 

 and upper throat more whitish, less heavily marked with brown and the 

 brown feather tips paler; breast and abdomen paler — ^buffy whitish to 

 pale tawny white, the breast, sides of abdomen, and flanks spotted with 

 dusky and pale buff; rectrices narrower and more pointed, mottled like 

 the feathers of the back and with no gray terminal band ; remiges barred, 

 and with no gray terminal band ; remiges barred, mottled, or flecked with 

 pale grayish buff on the outer webs.''^ 



Dozvny young (sexes presumably alike).- — Forehead, cheeks, chin, 

 throat, and the underpart of body vary from ivory yellow to straw 

 yellow, the crown mottled with fuscous-black and strongly washed with 

 pale ochraceous-tawny ; auriculars sparsely blotched with fuscous-black; 

 the back is pale ochraceous-tawny mottled with fuscous and ochraceous- 

 buff; iris brown; bill flesh color with duskier culmen; feet yellow with 

 dusky claws. 



Adult male.— Wing 214-238 (221.1); tail 131-171 (149.1); exposed 

 culmen 18.1-21.3 (19.1); tarsus 42.6-46.3 (44.1); middle toe without 

 claw 40.8-45.4 (43.2 mm.).^^ 



Adult female.— Wing 188-226 (204.4) ; tail 111-140 (127.4) ; ex- 

 posed culmen 16.4-21.8 (19.4) ; tarsus 38.7-42.7 (40.2) ; middle toe with- 

 out claw 36.2-42 (38.9 mm.).'''^ 



Range. — Resident in the coastal mountains of the North American 

 mainland from the border between southwestern Yukon, Canada, and 

 Alaska (Skagway; White Pass), south through southeastern Alaska, 

 through coastal British Columbia and Vancouver Island (Alta Lake 

 Region; Beecher Bay, Chilliwak, Coldstream, Klippan River Valley, 

 Lund), western Washington (Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sount, Mount 

 Rainier, Mount Stewart, Tacoma, Hannegan Pass, Cat Creek, Beaver 



""'The Juvenal remiges are molted during July and August; the molt begins as 

 soon as the last of these feathers are fully grown, or even before that ; and the body 

 molt into the first winter plumage (:= immature plumage in this book) is continuous 

 from August to October. The postjuvenal molt is complete, except that the outer 

 pairs of primaries are retained for a full j'ear" (ex Bent, U. S. Nat. }i[us. Bull. 162, 

 1932, 108). This accounts for the paucity of true juvenal specimens in collections, 

 as this plumage is begun to be shed before it is hardly complete. 



Van Rossem has demonstrated that the juvenal rectrices are shed at a very early 

 age beginning with the outermost pair and progressing medially. These feathers are 

 shed when the chicks are scarcely more than two or three weeks old, and then the 

 slow-growing immature tail feathers begin to appear beyond the tips of the coverts. 

 The immature tail is more rounded (owing to the lesser relative length of the lateral 

 rectrices) than the adult tail. Most of these rectrices are replaced during the follow- 

 ing winter, spring, and summer in a gradual molt, but often the outermost pair are 

 retained until the following autumn. 



" Eleven specimens from British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. 



" Twenty-one specimens from Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. 



