BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 81 



Adult male.— Wmg 230-240 (234.7) ; tail 172-201 (187.7) ; exposed 

 culmen 21.1-24.5 (22.8) ; tarsus 42.7-45.9 (43.7) ; middle toe without 

 claw 44.5-46.8 (45.6 mm.).^^ 



Adult female.— Wing 209-222 (216); tail 147-159 (153); tarsus 

 38-41.3 (39.9); middle toe without claw 37.3-41.4 (39.4 mm.).^^ 



Range. — Resident in the coniferous forests^* from Mount Piiios, Kern 

 County, Calif., east through the Tehachapi Range north in the main 

 Sierra Nevada to about 36° N., and to Bloods, Calaveras County, Calif. 



Type locality. — Mount Piiios, Kern County, Calif. ; altitude 7,500 feet. 



Tetrao obscurtis (not of Say) Baird, in Cooper, Orn. California, Land Birds, 1870, 

 S26, part (s. Sierra Nevada). 



Canace obscura Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., vi. No. 10, 1874, 174 (e. slopes Sierra 

 Nevada, California). — Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1876, 276, 

 part (s. Sierra Nevada, including Mount Whitney). 



Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (not Canace obscura, var. fuUginosa Redgway) 

 Fisher, North Amer. Fauna, No. 7, 1893, 30 (White Mountains, Nev.; 

 Menache Meadows, Independence Creed, and Bishop Creek, e. slope s. Sierra 

 Nevada; head of Owens Valley, Sequoia National Park, Kings River Canyon, 

 etc., w. slope s. Sierra Nevada). — Willett, Pacific Coast Avif., No. 21, 1933, 

 48 (insya). 



Dendragapus obscurus sierra (not of Chapman) Geinnell, Auk, xxii, 1905, 382 

 (Mount Pifios, Ventura County, Calif.; habits). — Willett, Pacific Coast 

 Avif., No. 7, 1912, 43, part (Mount Piiios, Ventura County). 



Dendragapus obscurus sierrae Geinnell, Pacific Coast Avif., No. 11, 1915, 10, 

 part (Puite Mountains, and Mount Pifios, Kern County; White Mountains, 

 Mono County, Calif.). — Grinnell, Bryant, and Storer, Game Birds California, 

 1918, 544, part (descr. ; distr. ; and habits, California). — Willett, Pacific Coast 

 Avif., No. 21, 1933, 48 (in syn.). 



Dendragapus obscurus howardi Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, No. 5, 1923, 168 

 (Mount Piiios, Kern County, Calif., 7,500 feet; coll. D. M. Dickey); xxvi, 

 1924, 36 (range; corr.).— Oberholser, Auk, xli, 1924, 592 (add. A.O.U. Check- 

 list). — Grinnell, Condor, xxvii, 1925, 76 (added to California list); Univ. 

 California Publ. Zool., xxxviii, 1932, 268 (type loc. ; crit.). — Brooks, Auk, 

 xlvi, 1929, 113 (rev. crit.).— Willett, Pacific Coast Avif., No. 21, 1933, 48 

 (in syn.). — Peters, Check-list Birds of World, ii, 1934, 29 (range).— Hellmayr 

 and CoNOVER, Cat. Birds Amer., i. No. 1, 1942, 201 (syn.; distr.). 



Dendragapus obscurus . . . howardi Pemberton, Condor, xxx, 1928, 347 in text 

 (nesting, Kern County, Calif.). 



Dendragapus o[bscurus] howardi Palmer, Condor, xxx, 1928, 283 in text 

 (patronymics). 



Dendragapus fuliginosus hoivardi Swasth, Univ. California Publ. Zool., xxx, 

 1926, 84 in text. — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 4, 1931, 

 79 (distr.).— Bent, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 162, 1932, 117 (habits, etc.).— 



" Four specimens from Mount Whitney, Tehachapi Peak, Sierra Nevada, and 

 Bloods, Calaveras Coimty, Calif. 



*^A11 measurements for females ex Dickey and van Rossem, Condor, xxv, 1923, 

 168, as no fully adult material of this sex was available to me in the present connec- 

 tion. These authors give the following data on culmen length for this series, mea- 

 sured, however, from the base, and therefore not comparable: 27-30.8 (28.8 ram). 



'" Silver-fir association, according to Dickey and van Rossem. 



