BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 95 



bb. Bill smaller, shorter, and narrower, its height at angle of gonys usually under 

 8.S mm. ; in winter (white) plumage with a black loreal band in males, 

 none in faraales {Lag opus mutus). 

 c. Plumage entirely white except for black tail and black loreal stripe. 



Lagopus mutus, all races'* 

 cc. plumage not entirely white. 



d. Upperparts and throat and breast coarsely banded with blackish (sum- 

 mer females). 

 e. General color of paler areas decidedly more grayish than brownish. 

 /. Lower back and rump barred with pale bars about as noticeable as 

 dark ones (Newfoundland). 



Lagopus mutus welchi, summer, female (p. 126) 

 //. Lower back and rump with the paler bars much reduced, much less 

 noticeable than the dark areas (northern Canada). 



Lagopus mutus rupestris, summer, female (p. 122) 

 ee. General color of paler areas decidedly more brownish than grayish. 

 /. Blackish bars on breast heavier, usually 4-5 mm. in width : 



(Attn Island) Lagopus mutus evermanni, summer, female (p. 109) 



(Alaska) Lagopus mutus nelsoni, summer, female (p. 117) 



(se. Alaska) Lagopus mutus dixoni, summer, female (p. 120) 



(Amchitka) Lagopus mutus gabrielsoni, summer, female (p. 116) 

 //. Blackish bars on breast narrower, usually under 3 mm. in width : 



(Tanaga) Lagopus mutus sanfordi, summer, female (p. 113) 



(Kiska) Lagopus mutus townsendi, summer, female (p. Ill) 



(Atka Island) Lagopus mutus atkhensis, summer, female (p. 115) 

 (Adak Island) 



Lagopus mutus chamberlaini, summer, female (p. 114) 

 dd. Upperparts and throat and breast finely barred or vermiculated, some- 

 times almost solidly colored (males). 

 e. General tone of upperparts dark, sepia or darker, and not noticeably 

 rufescent. 

 /. Upperparts very dark, the upper back largely black. 

 g. Feathers of the back abundantly mottled or barred with dark fer- 

 ruginous. 



Lagopus mutus ridgwayi, summer, male (extralimital)™ 



"' The subspecies are not distinguishable in this plumage (no winter specimens of 

 L. m. evermanni apjjear to have been collected or described) . 



"' Lagopus mutus ridgwayi. — Tetrao lagopus (not of Linnaeus) Pallas, Zoogr. 

 Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 63, part. — Lagopus albus (not Tetrao albus Gmelin) Stejneger, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 72 (Bering Island). — Lagopus alpinus (not of Midden- 

 dorff) Dybowski, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 368. — Lagopus ridgwayi Stejneger, 

 Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, i, 1884, 98 (Bering Island, Commander Group, Kam- 

 chatka; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) ; Zeitschr. ges. Om., i, 1884, 89, pi. 5; Amer. Nat., 

 xviii, 1884, 774; Ibis, 1885, SO; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 29, 1885, 194; Palmen, Vega- 

 Exped., 1887, 301 (Bering Island) ; Clark, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxviii, 1910, 56 

 (Commander Islands) ; Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., lix, 1915, 365 (Copper 

 Island). — [Lagopus] ridgwayi Sharpe, Hand-list, i, 1899, 18. — Lagopus rupestris 

 subsp. insularis Bogdanow, Consp. Av. Ross., 1884, 34 (Bering Island). — Lagopus 

 mutus ridgwayi Hartert, Vogel pal. Fauna, iii, 1921, 1871 (Bering and Copper 

 Island) ; Peters, Check-list Birds World, ii, 1934, 33 (Commander Islands).— 

 L[agopus] in[utus] ridgwayi Steinbacher, Erganzungsband to Hartert, Vogel pal. 

 Fauna, Heft 6-7, 1938, 516 in text. 



