BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 99 



narrowly and barred incompletely on the outer web with pale pinkish 

 buff; all the upper wing coverts like the back; the general tone of the 

 dorsal feather bars and edges richer, more orange — raw sienna to antique 

 brown, and the abdomen more buffy ; thighs buffy also. 



Downy young (sexes alike). — Forehead, sides of crown and occiput, 

 sides of head chamois to cream bufif; with a black loreal spot and a 

 median frontal line, and a postauricular wavy line of chaetura black ; the 

 median frontal line bifurcating to enclose most of the crown and occiput 

 which are deep auburn to deep chestnut bordered by blackish, the lateral 

 borders uniting again posteriorly to form a broad but much interrupted 

 spinal stripe, which bifurcates on the lower back and the branches of 

 which meet again at the base of the tail; wings and middle of back 

 cinnamon-buff to clay color; sides of back (lateral to the blackish lines) 

 and underparts straw yellow, washed on the breast with pale orange- 

 yellow. 



Adult male.— Wing 186-205 (19S.6); tail 114-135 (122.9); bill 

 from anterior end of nostril to tip 9.7-11.7 (10.9) ; width of bill at gape 

 13-14.3 (13.7) ; height of bill at angle of gonys 10.2-11.5 (10.8 mm).i 



Adult female.— Wing 174-192 (185) ; tail 103-125 (112.6) ; bill from 

 anterior end of nostril to tip 8.8-10.8 (10.1) ; width of bill at gape 11.7- 

 14.4 (13.1); height of bill at angle of gonys 9.4-11.1 (10.2 mm.).^ 



Range. — Breeds from northern Alaska (Point Barrow, Cape Lisbourne, 

 Wainwright, Smith Bay, Demarcation Point, Humphrey Point, Camden 

 Bay, etc.) south throughout most of Alaska to Nushagak on the west 

 coast and to the Kenai Peninsula and Mount McKinley, farther to the east. 



Winters throughout its breeding range north as far as Nunivak Island, 

 Nulato, Kutuk River, Miller Creek, Kotzebue Sound. 



Type locality. — Kowak River Delta, Alaska. 



Lagopiis lagopus Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 188S, 20, part. — American 

 Ohnithologists' Union, Check-list, No. 301, part, 1886; ed. 2, 1895, No. 301, 

 part.— Turner, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 1886, 152 (St. Michael, etc., Alaska; 

 habits).— Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 131, pi. 5, fig. 3 (habits).— 

 Bendire, Life Hist. North Amer. Birds, i, 1892, 69, part.— Ogilvie-Grant, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 40, part (Point Barrow, Kotzebue Sound, 

 St. Michael, Kegiktouik, and Nushagak, Alaska) ; Handb. Game Birds, i, 1896, 

 36, part.— Grinnell, Pacific Coast Avif., No. 1, 1900, 32, 75 (Kowak River, 

 Kotzebue Sound area; common; habits; plum. ; nests and eggs). — Macoun, Cat. 

 Can. Birds, 1900, 205, part (Alaska).— Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., xvi, 1902, 235, part (Homer and Kenai Mountains, Alaska; habits). — 

 Osgood, North Amer. Fauna, No. 24, 1904, 65 (Alaska Peninsula; habits). — 

 JuDD, U. S. Biol. Surv. Bull. 24, 1905, 44-46, part (range, food, etc.).— Macoun 

 and Macoun, Cat. Can. Birds, ed. 2, 1909, 223, part (Alaska). — Anderson, Rep. 

 Dept. Mines Canada for 1914 (1915), 165 (Alaska, CoUinson Point and Endicott 

 Mountains; spec). — Hill, Condor, xxiv, 1922, 105, in text (habits; breeding, 



' Twenty-one specimens from northern and north-central Alaska. 

 ^ Twenty specimens from northern Alaska. 



