BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 129 



web the same, but the outer web largely white, and the remaining pairs 

 white narrowly and rather faintly edged with brownish mottlings ; in the 

 wing only the two outer primaries are white, the remainder dark hair 

 brown, the secondaries edged with dusky isabelline vermiculations. 



Juvenal plumage (sexes alike). — Similar to the first autumn plumage 

 but with the top of the head mottled and barred with buff, white, and 

 black, and a number of feathers on the back and rump having large blackish 

 and whitish blotches; chin and upper throat unspotted white; iris dark 

 horn; bill black; toes brownish gray, soles greenish; claws gray, tips 

 pale brownish. 



Downy young. — Center of crown and occiput cinnamon-brown bordered 

 with black, forehead and lores white with black spots; sides of head 

 white with a black line through the eye and a somewhat broken blackish 

 malar stripe; center of hind neck, posteriorly widening to include the 

 interscapular region, sepia; broad middle of back and rump to tail pale 

 cinnamon brown barred and laterally margined with blackish brown; 

 scapulars and wings cinnamon-buff barred and mottled with dark sepia; 

 rest of upperparts dirty pale buffy white to grayish white; underparts 

 pale grayish white, washed with buffy on the breast and faintly so on 

 the abdomen; sides and flanks mottled with sepia and cinnamon-brown. 



Adult male.— Wing 164-188 (174.2) ; tail 86-104 (96) ; exposed cul- 

 men 10.4-14.1 (12.4) ; tarsus 30.S-33.4 (31.6) ; middle toe without claw 

 23.8-25.4 (24.6 mm.). 36 



Adult female.— Wing 155-179 (168) ; tail 84-92 (88.4) ; exposed cul- 

 men 10.7-14.4 (12.3) ; tarsus 29.8-32.6 (31.5) ; middle toe without claw 

 23.6-26.3 (24.9 mm.).^^ 



Range. — Resident above timber line (Alpine— Arctic Zone) of the 

 Rocky Mountain area from northwestern Mackenzie and adjacent Yukon 

 (head of Coal Creek, Ogilvie Mountains, La Pierre House; Nahanni 

 Mountains), all of mainland British Columbia and central Alberta south 

 to the northern border of the United States (nw. Washington— Skagit, 

 Puget Sound). In British Columbia it has not been recorded from the 

 coast ranges nearest the coast, but is known from the Cascades; absent 

 in the Queen Charlotte Islands ; replaced by an allied race in Vancouver 

 Island. In northern British Columbia it probably descends into the 

 lowlands occasionally in winter.^^ 



Type locality.- — Rocky Mountains, latitude 54° N. 



Tetrao {Lagopus) leucurus Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.- 

 Amer., ii, 1831 (1832), 356, pi. 63 (Rocky Mountains, lat. 54° N.).— Nuti'all, 

 Man. Orn. United States and Canada, Land Birds, 1832, 612; ed. 2, 1840, 

 820, part ("lofty ridges of the Rocky Mountains"). 



" Twelve specimens from Alberta and British Columbia. 

 'Twenty- four specimens from Alberta and British Columbia. 

 ^ According to Brooks and Swarth. 



