162 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



with a pale grayish suffusion, the breast averaging less extensively washed 

 with brownish, the abdomen averaging more albescent, and, in the brown 

 phase, the tail paler, nearly ochraceous-tawny (in the brown phase of 

 umhellus it is nearly hazel). On the whole this race is more often gray- 

 tailed than brown-tailed, while the reverse is true of the nominate form. 



Juvenal and downy young apparently unknown. 



Adult male.— Wing 174-185 (178.9); tail 140-163 (150.6); culmen 

 from base 25.2-30.6 (27.8) ; tarsus 41.8-45.8 (43.5) ; middle toe without 

 claw 345-39.5 (36.8) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 18.4-30.2 (23.8 mm.).«9 



Adult female.— Wing 174-183 (176.6) ; tail 127-159 (141.3) ; culmen 

 from base 26.0-28.2 (27.3) ; tarsus 40.8^4.8 (42.7) ; middle toe without 

 claw 345-37.4 (35.4) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 21.6-30.0 (25.4 mm.).^» 



Range. — Climax and subclimax deciduous woodland of the oak-hickory 

 association in the eastern deciduous forest biome (Upper Austral Life 

 Zone) ; from southwestern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, and east cen- 

 tral Minnesota (Elk River) ; south, east of the Great Plains grassland, 

 to central Arkansas (Hot Springs). To the east Bonasa umhellus 

 mediana intergrades with Bonasa umbellus monticola, over a broad area 

 in southern Michigan, eastern Indiana, and western Ohio, and probably 

 formerly in western Kentucky and Tennessee. 



Type locality. — Excelsior, Minn. 



Tetrao umbelltis Wilson, Amer. Orn., vi, 1812, 45, part (w. Kentucky; Indiana). — 

 Audubon, Orn. Biogr., i, 1831, 211, part; Birds Amer,, 8vo ed., v, 1842, 72, part 

 (Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky). — Wilson and Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., ii, 1832 

 (printed by Whittaker, Treacher, and Arnot), 249, part; (printed by Cassell, 

 Petter, and Galpin) 251, part (Indiana Terr.). — Nuttall, Man. Orn. United 

 States and Canada, Land Birds, 1832, 657, part; ed. 2, 1840, 764, part. — Jakdine, 

 Nat. Libr., Orn., iv. Gallinaceous Birds, pt. ii. Game Birds, 1834, 149, part 

 (Indiana Terr.). — ^Wilson, Amer. Orn., ed. by Brewer, 1840, 430, part. — 

 Trippe, Coram. Essex Inst, vi, 1871, 118 (Minnesota, abundant; plum.). 



T[etrao] umbellus Wilson and Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., ii, 1871, 265, part (Indiana). 



tetrao umbellus Brackenhidge, Views of Louisiana, 1817, 119. 



Bonasa umhelliis Barry, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v, 1854, 9 (Racine, Wis. ; 

 abundant). — Allen, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1868, 501 (w. Iowa; 

 common), 526 (Richmond, Ind.). — Snow, Cat. Birds Kansas, ed. 2, 1872, 12 

 (Kansas, extremely rare) ; ed. 2, reprint, 1873, 9 (e. Kansas); ed. 3, 187S, 11 

 (e. Kansas); ed. 5, 1903, 15 (Kansas; very rare).- — Trippe, Proc. Boston Soc. 

 Nat. Hist., XV, 1872, 240 (s. Iowa; abundant). — Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., ix, 

 1877, 44 (Wabash County, 111.).— Gibbs, U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., Bull. 

 S, v, 1879, 491 part (Michigan). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check- 

 list, 1886, 172, No. 300, part.— Evermann, Auk, v, 1888, 349 (Carroll County, 



" If this race were not separated geographically from B. u. umbellus by B. u. 

 monticola, its recognition might be questioned. There is less difference between 

 mediana and umbellus than between any other two subspecies of the ruffed grouse. 



™ Nineteen specimens from Minnesota, Wisconsin, southwestern Michigan, and 

 Iowa. 



™ Three specimens from Minnesota and Illinois. 



