172 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Adult (gray phase).— Similar to that of B. u. umbelhis but darker both 

 in the browns and the grays of the upperparts, the brown as in the brown 

 phase of togata — Dresden brown to Front's brown, the blackish mark- 

 ings more extensive, the gray areas including the tail smoke gray much 

 more finely and abundantly vermiculated with blackish than in umbellus; 

 underparts more heavily and abundantly barred than in umbellus. 



Juvenal. — Indistinguishable from that of B. u. umbellus. 



Downy young. — Indistinguishable from that of B. u. umbellus. 



Adult male.— Wing 173-192 (181.5); tail 142-174 (156.9); culmen 

 from base 22.8-29.2 (26.1) ; tarsus 40.3^6.0 (42.7) ; middle toe without 

 daw 33.0-39.9 (35.9) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 20.0-30.9 (25.2 mm.).™ 



Adult female.— Wmg 168-184 (176.0) ; tail 119-144 (130.6) ; culmen 

 from base 21.0-29.3 (25.2) ; tarsus 36.8-44.0 (41.4) ; middle toe without 

 claw 31.3-36.7 (34.6) ; unfeathered part of tarsus 20.0-28.0 (23.8 mm.).8o 



Range. — Subclimax deciduous woodland (birch and aspen communities) 

 of the pine-maple-beech-hemlock association, in the ecotone between the 

 northern coniferous and the eastern deciduous forest biomes (Canadian 

 and Upper Transition Life Zones) ; from northern New England and 

 Nova Scotia, probably north to Cape Breton Island, and the Gaspe 

 Peninsula, westward across southern Quebec and southern Ontario (in- 

 cluding the north shore of Lake Superior) to northwestern Minnesota, 

 south to northeastern Massachusetts (Manchester), east-central New 

 York (Piseco), southeastern Ontario (Toronto), midway down the 

 Lower Peninsula of Michigan (Midland County) and northern Wisconsin 

 (Ashland County). 



Type locality. — City of Quebec. 



Tetrao iogatiis Linnaevs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 275 (Canada; based on Lagopus 

 Bonasia canadensis Brisson, Orn., i, 207, pi. 21, fig. 1). — Forster, Philos. Trans., 

 Ixii, 1772, 393 (Albany Fort, James Bay).— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 752. 



Tetrao umbellus Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, Land Birds, 1832, 657, part; 

 ed. 2, 1840, 794, part.— Audubon, Orn. Biogr., 1839, 560, Birds Amer., 8vo ed., 

 1842, 72, part (Massachusetts, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia). 



T[etrao] umhellus McIlwraith, Birds Hamilton, Can. Journ., July 1860, 7 (common; 

 Hamilton, Ontario). 



Bonasa umhellus Stephens, in Shaw, Genl. Zool., xi, 1819, 300, part (Nova Scotia, 

 and syn., part). — Kneeland, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, 1857, 237 

 (Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior). — Baird, Rep. Pacific R.R. Surv., ix, 1858, 

 630, part. — Elliot, Monogr. Tetraonidae 1865, pi. 1 and text, part. — Mc- 

 Ilwraith, Proc. Essex Inst, v, 1866, 91 (Ontario). — Maynard, Proc. Boston 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., xiv, 1872, 383, part.— Herrick, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 11 



™ Thirty-two specimens from Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, New 

 Hampshire, Massachusetts, northern New York, northern Michigan, northern Wiscon- 

 sin, and northeastern Minnesota. 



'° Twenty-one specimens from Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 

 Maine, New Hampshire, northern New York, northern Michigan, and northern 

 \Visconsin. 



