BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 183 



across Yukon from Selkirk and the Lewes River Valley, north to La 

 Pierre House, east at least to Great Slave Lake and Lake Atha.baska, 

 and southward along the Liard River, at least to Fort Liard, Mackenzie, 

 and along the Athabaska River to Fort McMurray, Alberta. There are 

 records of ruffed grouse from farther east in the Hudsonian Zone of 

 northern Manitoba (Brochet and York Factory) which may also belong 

 to this race, but specimens have not been seen to substantiate this. 

 Although primarily a Hudsonian Zone form, yukonensis apparently in- 

 cludes within its range a sizable area characterized by pure coniferous 

 forest climax (Canadian Zone) in southwestern Mackenzie and northern 

 Alberta. 



Type locality. — Forty-mile, Yukon, on Yukon River, near Alaska 

 boundary. 



Tetrao umbellus (not of Linnaeus, 1766) Sabine, Append. Franklin's Joum., 1823, 

 697, part. — Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., ii, 1831 (1932), 

 342, part. 



Bonasa umbellus Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., i, 1869, 287 

 (Nulato, Alaska). — Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxii, 1893, 8S, part 

 (Nulato, Fort Simpson) ; Handb. Game Birds, i, 1896, 71, part (Alaska). 



B[onasa] umbellus CouES, Key North Amer. Birds, ed. 5, 1903, ii, 741, part. 



T[etrao] umbelloides Douglas, Trans. Linn. See. London, xvi, 1829, 148 in text, 

 part. 



B[onasa] umbelloides Reichenow, Die Vogel, i, 1913, 319 (Alaska). 



Bonasa umbellus var. umbelloides Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. 

 Birds, iii, 1874, 453, part. 



Bonasa umbellus wmbelloides Nelson, Cruise Corwin in 1881 (1883), 80 (Bering 

 Sea coast of Alaska — Bristol Bay). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check- 

 list, 1886, 172, No. 300b, part.— Turner, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 1886, 152 

 (Yukon Valley).— Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 131 (lower Yukon 

 Valley; Koviak Peninsula). — Bendire, Life Hist. North Amer. Birds, i, 1892, 

 67, part (Yukon River). — Macoun, Cat. Can. Birds, 1900, 203, part (Alaska). 

 — Grinnell, Pacific Coast Avif., No. 1, 1900, 75 (Kotzebue Sound region; 

 a few; Kowak River). — Macoun and Macoun, Cat. Can. Birds, ed. 2, 1909, 

 222, part. — Grinnell, Condor, xi, 1909, 204 (Forty Mile, Yukon Territory; 

 spec); xii, 1910, 42 (Russian Mission, lower Yukon; Fort Yukon; spec). — 

 Preble, North Amer. Fauna, No. 27, 1909, 340, part (n. Mackenzie to lat. 

 63° N.). 



B[onasa\ umbellus umbelloides Ridgway, Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, 198, part 

 (Yukon valley). 



Bonasa umbellus sabini Macoun and Macoun, Cat. Can. Birds, ed. 2, 1909, 223, part. 



Bonasa umbellus yukonensis Grinnell, Condor, xviii, 1916, 166 (orig. descr.. Forty- 

 mile, Yukon Territory; crit. ; meas. ; distr.). — [Stone], Auk, xxxiii, 1916, 426 

 (Yukon Territory). — American Ornithologists' Union, Auk, xl, 1923, 517 

 (interior of Yukon Territory and Alaska) ; Check-list, ed. 4, 1931, 81 (distr.). — 

 Taverner, Birds Western Canada, 1926, 167, in text. — Bent, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 Bull. 162, 1932, 177 (habits).— Peters, Check-list Birds of World, ii, 1934, 39.— 

 Taverner, Birds Canada, 1934, 155 in text.— Todd, Auk, Ivii, 1940, 396 (distr.).— 

 Hellmayr and Conover, Cat. Birds Amer., i, No. 1, 1942, 217 (distr.; syn.).— 

 Aldrich and Friedmann, Condor, xlv, 1943, 100 (tax.; distr.; descr.). 



