424 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



especially on the breast and sides; iris dark brown; bill horn color, darker 

 on the maxilla ; tarsi and toes pinkish white. 



Adult md0.—Wmg 213-24S.5 (234.1) ; tail 408.0-513.0 (451.2) ; cul- 

 men from base 38.3-43.1 (40.0); tarsus 68.0-75.5 (71.7); middle toe 

 without claw 42.1-48.7 (45.0 mm.). s 



Adult female.— Wing 194.0-216.0 (205.8) ; tail 236.0-273.0 (252.5) ; 

 culmen from base 32.3-38.2 (35.9) ; tarsus 61.1-68.2 (63.7) ; middle toe 

 without claw 35.1-41.4 (39.6 mm.). 8 



Range.— NaXive to "eastern and south-eastern China from Canton to 

 ' Hunan, north to the Lower and Middle Yangtse, up the river at least to 

 Ichang; north to Pekin, Kalgan, and the Ordos country" (Beebe). The 

 nominate form, P. c. c'olchicus, the blood of which also enters into our 

 hybrid ring-necked pheasants, is native to "Transcaucasia, including the 

 basins of the Rion and the Chorokh Rivers and the southeastern coast of 

 the Black Sea, north to Sukhum-Kale, just south of the main east and 

 west chain of the Caucasus Mountains; the bases of the Kura and lower 

 Araxes and their tributaries up to nearly three thousand feet above sea 

 level. It touches the Caspian Sea at the Kizil-Agalch Gulf" (Beebe). 

 ' Introduced now and fairly well established in approximately the north- 

 ern half of the United States and in southern Canada; large parts of 

 Europe (where the colchicus stirain is more in evidence than is the 

 torquatus) — Belgium, France, England, Germany, Greece, Holland, 

 Sweden, and Italy; 4lso in Hawaii (Oahu, Molokai, and Kauai), Samoa 

 (subsp. ?), St. Helena, and New Zealand. In North America it was 

 first introduced about 1790 in New Hampshire, then about 1800 in New 

 Jersey; 1857 in California; 1881 in Oregon; besides other smaller in- 

 troductions. Its present North American taiige is from Vancouver 

 Island and southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Mani- 

 toba, southern Ontario, and southwestern Maine, south to Maryland, 

 Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, and Cal- 

 ifornia. South of this area its introduction has not been particularly 

 successful, but it may be noted that about 1928 the bird was listed as a 

 game species in all but three States of the United States. 



Unsuccessfully introduced into Chile. 



Type locality (of true P. c. torquatus). — Southeastern China. 



[Phasianus] torquatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 742 (Ring Pheasant, Lath. 

 Syn., ii, 2, 715).— Reichenbach, Synop. Av., iii, Gallinaceae, 1848, pi. 221, 

 figs. 1944-1946.— Gray, Handlist, ii, 1879, 257, No. 9575.— Sharpe, Handlist, 

 i, 1899, 37 part (China). 



Phasianus torquatus Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 148. — ^Leach, Zool. Misc., ii, 1815, 

 13, pi. 66. — Griffith, ed. Cuvier's Regne Anim., iii, 1829, 22 part, pi. — Jardine, 

 Nat. Libr., Orn., iv, 1834, 189, pi. 13 (hybrid with P. colchicus).— GviAY, List 



' Sixteen specimens. 

 ' Seven specimens. 



