458 WILD SPAIN. 



Fire-crest. — In pine- woods ; resident. 



Tree-Creeper (Trepatroncos). — Resident; nests in the wooded 

 sierras in April. It is also known as Aranero, i.e., " spider- 

 catcher," a name it shares with the "Wall-Creeper, which 

 species we have not observed. 



Nuthatch. — Common in Castile and the north, but not 

 observed in Andalucia except in Sierra Nevada. This species 

 is also known as trepatroncos. 



Crested Tit (Capuchino) . — Observed in the mountain forests 

 of Castile. Resident and common near Gibraltar. 



Sand-Martin. — "Breeds on Guadalquivir — April. 



Woodlark. — In winter only ; leaves in April. Not common. 

 Our familiar Skylarks and Titlarks swarm in winter in Spain, 

 but leave the south in March. The Calandra, Crested, and 

 Short-toed Larks, with the Corn-Bunting, are among the most 

 abundant of Spanish birds at all seasons. 



Rock-Bunting (JEmberiza cia, Linn.). — Common in sierras, 

 where it nests in April near clearingS and cultivated patches . 



White Wagtail. — Arrives in swarms in September, remain- 

 ing till March. The pied wagtail we have not identified. 



Grey Wagtail. — Common in winter, and some nest on the 

 mountain streams, even in Andalucia. 



Serin. — This, with the goldfinch and three following species, 

 the stonechats, bee-eaters, rufous, and black-headed warblers 

 and nightingales, is among the commonest and most charac- 

 teristic birds of Southern Spain. 



Linnet (Gamacho). 



Greenfinch (Verdori). 



Chaflinch (Pinzon) . — All common ; most so in winter. 



Rock-Sparrow (Gorrion month). — Common in the sierras, 

 where it breeds in holes in May. 



Lesser Redpole. — Rare and irregular ; in severe winters only. 

 Many in garden at Jerez in January, 1888. 



Siskin (Lugano) . — Irregular ; in winter only. Several 

 obtained in garden, March 15, 1891. 



Rook. — Occasional flocks in winter. 



Carrion Crow. — Rare ; found a nest with five eggs, Sierra de 

 las Cabras, March 23rd. B. is sure he has seen C. comix when 

 shooting in winter.* 



* Corrigendum: — Though we have stated (p. 243) that the Raven 

 breeds late in Spain, it also does so early, for Mr. Saunders writes us : — 

 " At Malaga it was nesting by mid-February, and near Baza I watched 

 a pair feeding their young between 15th and 20th March." 



