HARDY SHRUBS AND TREES 161 



success. In the first place the soil should be suitable 

 — ^well drained, fertile loam, well enriched with well 

 decayed manure. If the soil is poor, gravelly or clay 

 it should be replaced by better ; if the spot is low and 

 wet then resource should be had to underdraining. 

 The planting of trees and shrubs, being a permanent 

 aifair, should be done right at the start, for the work 

 cannot be done over every year or two as may be 

 done with annuals and perennials of sorts. The 

 ground should be very thoroughly worked over and 

 then the holes dug for each separate tree and shrub, 

 making the holes deep and wide enough to hold the 

 roots in a natural position at the same depth, or 

 slightly deeper, than they were before transplanting. 

 If their position in woods or nursery is known, then 

 it will be well to place them in the same relative po- 

 sition in their new location — that is, the side of the 

 tree or shrub which faced the north should again be 

 set to face it if possible. 



The shrubs should be out of the ground as short a 

 time as possible and as far as practicable be pro- 

 tected from drying out by wrapping with moss and 

 burlap which should not be removed until all is ready 

 for setting the plant in the ground. If the wrap- 

 pings appear dry, plunge plant and all in a bucket 

 of lukewarm water for a few moments. Two people 

 can handle large shrubs and trees better than one 

 alone. Let one hold the tree erect in the hole while 



