104 THE PIPE AND TABOR 



In the penny whistle, and most wood-wind instru- 

 ments, the octave or first harmonic gives the means 

 of extending the scale. But in the taborer's pipe 

 the whole of the workable scale consists of 

 harmonics ; what corresponds to the lower octave 

 in the penny whistle — the non-harmonic or fun- 

 damental part of the register — can only be 

 faintly sounded. It is the first harmonic or octave 

 of the lowest of these faint notes that forms the 

 bottom note of the scale of the three-holed pipe.^ 

 This note is approximately D of the modern 

 flat pitch. By successively raising the middle 

 and index fingers and then the thumb, E, F, 

 and G are sounded. Then all the finger holes 

 are again closed, and by a httle extra impulse given 

 to the breath A is sounded, being the harmonic 

 Sth of the lower D. Then follow B and C as 

 harmonic sths of E and F, and the final D as 

 the octave of the lowest tone. Above this a 

 variable number of notes — about four — are pro- 

 ducible by cross-fingerings. The ordinary work-a- 

 day scale of the taborer's pipe corresponds to the 

 12 or 13 uppermost notes of a seven octave P-F., 

 or to the upper notes of a piccolo. The galoubet's 

 scale begins on a B flat one-third below the taborer's 

 pipe. There was also a bass galoubet. This 

 instrument is known from the figures in Praetorius' 

 (161 8), and also from one solitary pipe which has 



» For details of the fingering see the appendix to this article. 



' Praetorius, Organographia, being the second volume of his 

 Syntagma Musici, 1618, where a figure is given in Plate IX. See 

 Breitkopf and Hartel's reprint of Praetorius, also Galpin's Old 

 English Instruments of Music, 1910. 



