The Emotions in their Relation to Instinct. 195 



of the special senses -with -which they enter into such 

 intimate association. The data of experience should 

 surely be co-ordinate data ; and such they are on the 

 theory that the motor elements in consciousness are due 

 to incoming impulses. But the value of the emotions 

 is in affording data for the elaboration of experience. 

 Hence the presumption is in favour of their being, in 

 primary genesis, due to incoming impulses from visceral 

 actions, as well as motor activities. 



To put the matter briefly, instinctive activities appear 

 to be due to automatic co-ordinations of outgoing impulses, 

 while acquired experience seems to be due to the correla- 

 tion of incoming data. Acquired experience is thus, so 

 far as motor elements are concerned, due to the effects 

 of back-stroke. But the emotions take their place in the 

 development of acquired experience ; hence it may be fairly 

 inferred that the visceral contributions of the emotional 

 states are also by back-stroke. If this be so, and not 

 otherwise, we may say that all the data of sense-experience 

 are of peripheral origin, some due to incoming impulses 

 from the special senses, some to incoming impulses from 

 the motor organs, and some to incoming impulses from 

 the viscera and involuntary muscles. And with this con- 

 clusion my observations and inferences on habit and 

 instinct are in full accord. 



Let us now return for a short space to the emotional 

 reactions of the fox-terrier. On Professor James's view, as 

 I interpret it, the emotional state, whatever may be its 

 exact nature, is the subjective accompaniment of the whole 

 complex group of activities, plus the whole complex group 

 of visceral actions, plus representative elements of like 

 nature ; in a word, of the whole bodily condition of the 

 dog at the time, together with all that this bodily con- 

 dition suggests through association. What is in the focus 



