200 HEREDITY AND SELECTION IN SOCIOLOGY 



difficult circumstances in which they were placed. Little by 

 little they concentrated the financial resources of each nation 

 in their hands, until they acquired complete control over the 

 money market. Driven from all other fields of activity, they 

 betook themselves to the one sphere in which they could act ; 

 and their activity in this sphere has proved such that the anti- 

 Semitic movements in all the nations of Europe have had no 

 appreciable result. But even this extraordinary adaptability 

 of the Jews would have, La all probability, proved useless in 

 the face of such tremendous difiiculties had not the integration 

 of the Jewish community throughout Europe been sufficiently 

 great to bring home to the individual Jew in every land a con- 

 divides the white races into four groups. " The first, dark, small, and 

 doliohooephalous, includes the peoples of the Mediterranean . . . con- 

 sequently the Greeks and Romans, the Berbers and the Egyptians, as well 

 as all the linguistic Semitic populations, both ancient and modern. The 

 second, dark also, but of relatively tall stature, includes the conquerors 

 of the Vedio epoch in India, the Persians, and some others. The third 

 includes the brachycephalous Celto-Slav races. . . . The fourth is the 

 dohchooephalous race, fair -haired, and of tall stature, which actually 

 predominates in Northern Europe" {L' Anthropologie et la Science 

 socicde, pp. 227, 228 ; Paris, 1900). According to M. de Lapouge, the fair 

 dolichocephalous race, which he terms Homo Europeans, and which he iden- 

 tifies with the Aryan race, is predominant in the British Isles, in Northern 

 Belgium, in Holland, in Prussia, in Denmark, in Scandinavia, and ia Ice- 

 land. The Celto-Slav race, which he terms Homo Alpinus, is predominant 

 throughout Western, Central, and Eastern Europe, from the Atlantic to the 

 Caspian Sea. Spain and Italy (south of the Arno) are inhabited by a dark 

 dolichocephalous race, which Lapouge terms Homo CoTiiractus, and which he 

 is inclined to consider as a product of intermingling. All these anthropo- 

 logical and ethnographical facts which Lapouge and the anthropo-sociological 

 school rely on are perfectly accurate. But we cannot say the same of the 

 sociological conclusions which this school draws from them. In the first place, 

 it is certain that no such thing as purity of race exists anywhere. Lapouge 

 himself admits that the absolute purity of race is a theoretically impossible 

 conception, as every individual derives his origin, at the twentieth genera- 

 tion, from over a million ancestors, and inherits but one-millionth part of 

 his patrimony from each ancestor. After this admission, how is it possible 

 to prove that there exist well-defined races, separated by differences which 

 are fundamental and permanent ? This single objection appears to us 

 fatal to the main argument of the anthropo-sociological school. 



