366 HEREDITY AND SELECTION IN SOCIOLOGY 



manese came to an end when the animal wants of the individual 

 were exhausted ; the same holds good of all the inferior races. 

 With them, as with the lower animals, the power of expansion 

 is limited to the satisfaction of individual wants ; and individual 

 wants are limited to animal wants, to the desires and needs of 

 animal nature-. That this is indeed the case is shown by the fact 

 that these races have never expanded further, that they have 

 never created a system of social institutions comparable to those 

 of the superior races, that they have never felt the need of any 

 such social expansion. Thus, we may say that the power of 

 expansion of a race is defined by its capacity for social evolution. 



" Social evolution is not a matter of choice ; it responds to an 

 inherent need on the part of a number of individuals who do not 

 find in the gratification of mere animal wants any adequate 

 satisfaction of their need of expansion ; and it takes the form 

 which is adequate to the capacities of the race. In former days 

 the capacities of the races of Western civilisation found adequate 

 expression in the capacities of the governing classes. But to-day 

 these limits are too narrow ; the rule of the once governing 

 classes no longer satisfies the need for expansion of that civilisa- 

 tion. It may, indeed, be urged that the need for expansion 

 possessed by the inferior races cannot remain contained by the 

 barriers set up by the conquest of Western civilisation ; that, 

 even as the expanding power of the working classes of Europe 

 has surmounted the obstacles to its enfranchisement, that of 

 other inferior races will do the same. But this objection is 

 answered by the facts. The savage hordes of Africa certainly 

 find the domination of the white man an obstacle to their need 

 of expansion ; and the revolts of the Zulus, of the Sudanese, 

 of the Matabeles, of the Ashantes, of the tribes of Nigeria, of 

 the Herreros, to mention only a few, have shown that the inferior 

 races chafe under the yoke which the white man's expansion 

 has placed on them. But the expanding force of these inferior 

 races, just as it is too weak to enter on the path of social evolu- 



