IN PIG AND SHEEP 349 



bovine tuberculosis wbich we possess. Schiitz maintains that 

 failures in diagnosis by tuberculin injection only amount to 29 per 

 cent. Obviously, it may fail in animals which are highly tuberculous, 

 owing to the fact that their tissue already contains so much tuberculin 

 that they are unable to respond any longer to the tuberculin test. 

 If there is any lesion whatever in the udder, and there is a reaction 

 to tuberculiu, the milk from that cow should not be used.* 



Tubereulosis of Other Animals 



Tuberculosis of the Pig is less common than that of cattle, but 

 not so rare as that of the calf (Nocard). In nine out of ten cases 

 the pig is infected by ingestion, particularly when fed on the refuse 

 from dairies and cheese factories. The disease follows the same 

 course as in cattle, but generalisation is more common and more 

 rapid. Lesions of the abdominal organs occur in almost every case. 

 The glands, particularly those of the throat, are markedly affected. 

 The finding of the tubercle bacillus is difficult, and the only safe 

 test is inoculation. The massive lesions are often thinly scattered, 

 rich in giant cells, and containing few bacilli. The disease usually 

 assumes the aciite or " galloping " form, and not infrequently emacia- 

 tion is absent and the dead pork meat possesses a healthy and fat 

 appearance. The internal organs and glands are the chief sites of 

 disease. The whole carcase should be condemned. In a pork carcase 

 seized by the writer in Finsbury in 1904, the retro-pharyngeal, 

 submaxillary, cervical, and mediastinal glands were enormously 

 enlarged and caseous, the deep glands of the body and the udder 

 and its glands were also affected, and the joints of the right fore 

 foot were ankylosed owing to tuberculous infiltration. The internal 

 organs in this case were a mass of tubercle. 



Sheep are very rarely affected with tuberculosis, though there 

 is evidence which goes to prove that very long confinement in limited 

 space with tuberculous cattle might result in transmitting tuber- 

 culosis to sheep. One of the few cases on record in this country 

 was met with by the writer, and has been described by Foulerton.f 

 This was a half-bred, emaciated ewe having both lungs extensively 

 consolidated, and containing nxmierous tubercles which were also 

 present on the pleurae. The liver, spleen, both kidneys, and lymphatic 

 glands were affected. An emulsion, made from one of the affected 

 glands, inoculated into the guinea-pig, caused death from generalised 

 tuberculosis. The sheep, though rarely attacked, is not naturally 

 immune. 



* For a discussion as to the practical use of the tuberculin test, see Trans. Brit. 

 Cong, on Tuberculosis, 1901, vol. ii., pp. 235-78 (Del^pine). 



t Transactions of the Pathological Society of London, 1902, vol. liii., pt. iii., p. 428. 



