GENERAL MORPHOLOaY OP THE PLANT 23 



developed. In such plants the roots are always of small size, 

 and either all spring from a common point, as in annual Grasses 

 (fig. 30), or the primary root is small, and gives off from its sides 

 a number of small branches. Such plants perish after flowering 

 and ripening their fruits and seeds. 



2. Biennial Boots. — These are produced by plants which 

 spring from seed one year, but which do not flower and ripen 

 their seeds till the second year, when they perish. Such roots 



Fig. .30. 



Fig. 32. 



Fig. 31. 



Fiff. 30. Fibrous roots of a Grass. 



Fi'f. 31. Moniliform or beaded root. 

 - — Fiff. 32. Amiulateil root of Ipe- 

 oucuaiiha {C'phai^lU Jpecacuanha), 



are commonly enlarged in various ways at the close of the first 

 season, in consequence of their tissues becoming gorged with 

 nutritious matters manufactured in the leaves during the first 

 year and stored up for the support of the plant during its 

 flowering and fi'uiting in the succeeding season. The Carrot {fig. 

 25) and Turnip {fig. 24) afford us good examples of biennial 

 roots. 



3. Perennial Boots. — These are the roots of plants which live 



